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Rtn4r  -  reticulon 4 receptor

Rattus norvegicus

Synonyms: NgR, NgR1, Nogo receptor, Nogo-66 receptor, Nogor, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Rtn4r

 

High impact information on Rtn4r

 

Biological context of Rtn4r

 

Anatomical context of Rtn4r

  • Here, we observed that NgR and p75 were colocalized in low-density membrane raft fractions derived from forebrains and cerebella as well as from cerebellar granule cells [9].
  • Here we assessed Lingo-1 and NgR mRNA levels after delivery of BDNF into the rat hippocampal formation, Lingo-1 mRNA levels in rats subjected to kainic acid (KA) and running in running wheels [6].
  • However, we found that Lingo-1 mRNA was strongly up-regulated while NgR mRNA was down-regulated in the dentate gyrus in both the BDNF and the KA experiments [6].
  • The ability of soluble NgR(310)ecto to promote axon growth and locomotor recovery demonstrates a therapeutic potential for NgR antagonism in traumatic spinal cord injury [1].
  • In the central nervous system, regeneration of injured axons and sprouting of intact axons are suppressed by myelin-derived molecules that bind to the Nogo receptor (NgR) [10].
 

Associations of Rtn4r with chemical compounds

 

Physical interactions of Rtn4r

 

Regulatory relationships of Rtn4r

  • Thus, TACE-induced cleavage of NgR and RIP of p75(NTR) abrogates axon growth inhibitory signaling, thereby disinhibiting CNS axon/neurite growth [14].
  • Transfecting growth-sensitized RGCs with adeno-associated viruses expressing a dominant-negative form of NgR (NgR(DN)) increased axon regeneration several-fold; however, when the growth program of RGCs was not activated, NgR(DN) expression had no beneficial effects [15].
 

Other interactions of Rtn4r

  • Schwann cell-derived factor-induced modulation of the NgR/p75NTR/EGFR axis disinhibits axon growth through CNS myelin in vivo and in vitro [16].
  • Therefore, we have examined the levels of mRNA encoding Nogo, OMgp and MAG, as well as the receptor components NgR, Lingo-1 and Troy in cortex and hippocampus of young (4 months), middle aged (16 months) and old (24 months) Fisher 344 rats [17].
  • Neural expression studies of NgR1 and NgR2 have revealed broad and overlapping, yet distinct, distribution in the mature CNS [11].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rtn4r

  • We used a soluble form of the NgR (sNgR), constructed as an IgG of the human NgR extracellular domain, to manipulate plasticity of uninjured primary afferent and descending monoaminergic projections to the rat spinal cord following dorsal rhizotomy [10].
  • We also studied spinal cord injuries and quantified NgR mRNA levels in spinal cord and ganglia during a critical postnatal period using real-time PCR [7].
  • We conclude that gene therapy is an effective approach to enhancing axon regeneration in the CNS and that inactivation of NgR functioning greatly enhances axon regeneration provided the intrinsic growth program of neurons is activated [15].
  • Soluble Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) ectodomain is a novel experimental therapy for SCI that promotes axonal regeneration by blocking the growth inhibitory effects of myelin constituents in the adult central nervous system [12].

References

  1. Blockade of Nogo-66, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein by soluble Nogo-66 receptor promotes axonal sprouting and recovery after spinal injury. Li, S., Liu, B.P., Budel, S., Li, M., Ji, B., Walus, L., Li, W., Jirik, A., Rabacchi, S., Choi, E., Worley, D., Sah, D.W., Pepinsky, B., Lee, D., Relton, J., Strittmatter, S.M. J. Neurosci. (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. Disinhibition of neurotrophin-induced dorsal root ganglion cell neurite outgrowth on CNS myelin by siRNA-mediated knockdown of NgR, p75NTR and Rho-A. Ahmed, Z., Dent, R.G., Suggate, E.L., Barrett, L.B., Seabright, R.J., Berry, M., Logan, A. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Selective temporal and regional alterations of Nogo-A and small proline-rich repeat protein 1A (SPRR1A) but not Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) occur following traumatic brain injury in the rat. Marklund, N., Fulp, C.T., Shimizu, S., Puri, R., McMillan, A., Strittmatter, S.M., McIntosh, T.K. Exp. Neurol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. HBO suppresses Nogo-A, Ng-R, or RhoA expression in the cerebral cortex after global ischemia. Zhou, C., Li, Y., Nanda, A., Zhang, J.H. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2003) [Pubmed]
  5. Vaccination stimulates retinal ganglion cell regeneration in the adult optic nerve. Ellezam, B., Bertrand, J., Dergham, P., McKerracher, L. Neurobiol. Dis. (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Neuronal activity-induced regulation of Lingo-1. Trifunovski, A., Josephson, A., Ringman, A., Brené, S., Spenger, C., Olson, L. Neuroreport (2004) [Pubmed]
  7. Activity-induced and developmental downregulation of the Nogo receptor. Josephson, A., Trifunovski, A., Schéele, C., Widenfalk, J., Wahlestedt, C., Brené, S., Olson, L., Spenger, C. Cell Tissue Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  8. The differential expression patterns of messenger RNAs encoding Nogo-A and Nogo-receptor in the rat central nervous system. Hasegawa, T., Ohno, K., Sano, M., Omura, T., Omura, K., Nagano, A., Sato, K. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. (2005) [Pubmed]
  9. Segregation of Nogo66 receptors into lipid rafts in rat brain and inhibition of Nogo66 signaling by cholesterol depletion. Yu, W., Guo, W., Feng, L. FEBS Lett. (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. A soluble Nogo receptor differentially affects plasticity of spinally projecting axons. MacDermid, V.E., McPhail, L.T., Tsang, B., Rosenthal, A., Davies, A., Ramer, M.S. Eur. J. Neurosci. (2004) [Pubmed]
  11. The Nogo-66 receptor homolog NgR2 is a sialic acid-dependent receptor selective for myelin-associated glycoprotein. Venkatesh, K., Chivatakarn, O., Lee, H., Joshi, P.S., Kantor, D.B., Newman, B.A., Mage, R., Rader, C., Giger, R.J. J. Neurosci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Effect of combined treatment with methylprednisolone and soluble Nogo-66 receptor after rat spinal cord injury. Ji, B., Li, M., Budel, S., Pepinsky, R.B., Walus, L., Engber, T.M., Strittmatter, S.M., Relton, J.K. Eur. J. Neurosci. (2005) [Pubmed]
  13. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel as Nogo-66 receptor antibody delivery system for the repairing of injured rat brain: in vitro. Tian, W.M., Zhang, C.L., Hou, S.P., Yu, X., Cui, F.Z., Xu, Q.Y., Sheng, S.L., Cui, H., Li, H.D. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. (2005) [Pubmed]
  14. TACE-induced cleavage of NgR and p75NTR in dorsal root ganglion cultures disinhibits outgrowth and promotes branching of neurites in the presence of inhibitory CNS myelin. Ahmed, Z., Mazibrada, G., Seabright, R.J., Dent, R.G., Berry, M., Logan, A. FASEB J. (2006) [Pubmed]
  15. Counteracting the Nogo receptor enhances optic nerve regeneration if retinal ganglion cells are in an active growth state. Fischer, D., He, Z., Benowitz, L.I. J. Neurosci. (2004) [Pubmed]
  16. Schwann cell-derived factor-induced modulation of the NgR/p75NTR/EGFR axis disinhibits axon growth through CNS myelin in vivo and in vitro. Ahmed, Z., Suggate, E.L., Brown, E.R., Dent, R.G., Armstrong, S.J., Barrett, L.B., Berry, M., Logan, A. Brain (2006) [Pubmed]
  17. Selective decline of Nogo mRNA in the aging brain. Trifunovski, A., Josephson, A., Bickford, P.C., Olson, L., Brené, S. Neuroreport (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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