Disease relevance of Spinal Injuries

• The MS cohorts consisted of 225 incidence cases (1905 to 1991) and 164 prevalence cases (December 1, 1991) of definite MS in the population of Olmsted County. We assessed the effect of mechanical trauma in the form of spinal injury or extremity fracture with regard to precipitation of MS or exacerbation of an existing neurologic deficit [1].
• Moreover, the hypotension associated with high spinal injuries may reflect a enhanced role for inhibitory transmitters, such as GABA [2].
• High-dose methylprednisolone (15 to 30 mg/kg), administered 45 minutes after severe contusion injury (400 gm-cm) to cat spinal cords, rapidly reverses the typical posttraumatic ischemia that occurs in spinal injuries [3].
• Shoulder mass and pain in a patient with C5 American spinal injury association grade a tetraplegia [4].
• Release of excitant amino acids is reportedly reduced by baclofen, a lipophilic GABA-mimetic used to treat the spasticity of multiple sclerosis and spinal injury [5].

Psychiatry related information on Spinal Injuries

• PARTICIPANTS: Nine men with T5 to T12 paraplegia, 8 of whom had complete lesions and 1 with some sacral sparing (American Spinal Injury Association grade B) without proprioception, matched to 9 able-bodied men [6].

High impact information on Spinal Injuries

• The beneficial effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in experimental spinal injury and its lack of effect on nociception indicate that it may have unique therapeutic potential in spinal trauma in human beings [7].
• Transgenic inhibition of Nogo-66 receptor function allows axonal sprouting and improved locomotion after spinal injury [8].
• We have shown that early treatment with either naloxone or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) significantly improves neurologic outcome after experimental spinal injury [9].
• Comparison of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), naloxone, and dexamethasone treatments in experimental spinal injury [9].
• The central alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist tizanidine is a myotonolytic agent used in the treatment of spasticity in patients with cerebral or spinal injury [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Spinal Injuries

• Positive contrast material (Pantopaque) was preferred in cervical and thoracic trauma manifesting bony deformity, in cervical trauma without bony deformity (in the prone position), in delineating the thoracic spinal cord in the frontal projection, and in lumbar spinal injuries [11].
• Effect of flunarizine and methylprednisolone on functional recovery after experimental spinal injury [12].
• Induction of VEGF and VEGF receptors in the spinal cord after mechanical spinal injury and prostaglandin administration [13].
• 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) is suggested to improve symptomatology of spinal injury patients because it may facilitate neuromuscular transmission, spinal impulse flow and the operation of the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) [14].
• Finally, the results provide support for the continued investigation of specific adenosine agonists as therapeutic agents directed against the ischemic and excitotoxic components of spinal injury [15].

Biological context of Spinal Injuries

• Since upregulation alone of CGRP would occur in an acute temporal window (by 2 to 3 days following spinal injury), these results are interpreted to be invasion of laminae III and IV by sprouting of CGRP containing fine primary afferents [16].
• Because noradrenergic receptors proliferate after spinal injury and descending noradrenergic pathways contribute to regulation of bladder control, we examined the effects of administering an alpha-1A-adrenergic antagonist, Tamsulosin, on urodynamics [17].
• Effects of TRH and high-dose corticosteroid therapy on evoked potentials, and tissue Na+,K+ and water content in experimental spinal injury [18].

Anatomical context of Spinal Injuries

• We examined whether fibroblasts, genetically modified to express BDNF and NT-3 (Fb-BDNF/NT3) and transplanted into a thoracic spinal injury site, would enhance recovery of bladder function and whether this treatment would be associated with reorganization of lumbosacral spinal circuits implicated in bladder function [19].
• STUDY DESIGN: Acute respiratory compromise is occasionally observed in a subgroup of patients with upper spinal injuries involving the C2 vertebrae [20].
• CONCLUSION: Twenty microlitres of intrathecal bupivacaine before or after acute photochemical spinal injury improves hindlimb motor recovery and SEP parameters in rats [21].
• Our report describes the course of a 70-year-old man with C5 American Spinal Injury Association class A tetraplegia who developed a perforated cecum secondary to Crohn's disease [22].
• Serial measurement of CRP in patients with spinal injury may help distinguish between urinary tract colonisation and infection and be useful in monitoring the response to the treatment of clinical UTI [23].

Gene context of Spinal Injuries

• VEGF is a key mediator of the angiogenic response to cerebral and peripheral ischaemia, and promotes nerve repair following traumatic spinal injury [24].
• These results demonstrate that NT-3 may be of benefit in preventing the secondary cell loss that occurs following spinal injury [25].
• The nursing management of MRSA on a spinal injuries unit [26].
• We measured immunoglobulins in the sera of 33 patients on days 1, 3, 6, 10, and 17 and three to four weeks after surgical operations (mostly hysterectomy or appendectomy) or (six patients) after spinal injury [27].
• Combined treatment with neurotrophin-3 and LSD facilitates behavioral recovery from double-hemisection spinal injury in neonatal rats [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Spinal Injuries

• INTERVENTIONS: Patients were repeatedly assessed during rehabilitation with the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) to measure neurologic motor impairment and with the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-II) to measure disability [29].
• OBJECTIVES: To examine the frequency of respiratory complications encountered following traction manipulation of specific upper cervical spinal injuries involving the C2 vertebrae [20].
• SETTING: Subjects with chronic SCI were recruited during their annual physical examination at the Comarr Spinal Injury Clinic at Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, California. METHODS: An oral 75 g glucose load was administered after an overnight fast [30].
• These procedures have been performed in 11 patients with C5 and C6 level spinal injuries and functional electrical stimulation neuroprostheses [31].
• Further pilot spinal manipulation by experienced chiropractors after adequate anti-edematous (steroid) therapy is recommended for selected patients with post-traumatic myelopathy and/or radiculopathy, especially in a multidisciplinary spinal injury unit [32].

References