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CSNK2A2  -  casein kinase 2, alpha prime polypeptide

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: CK II alpha', CK2A2, CSNK2A1, Casein kinase II subunit alpha'
 
 
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Disease relevance of CSNK2A2

  • Intact hVDRs produced by in vitro transcription/translation or in a baculovirus overexpression system served as efficient substrates for purified bovine CK-II, and the magnitude of this phosphorylation was not affected by the addition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1].
  • The activated CK-II phosphorylates several cellular and viral proteins in HIV-1 infected human MOLT-4 cells, and also phosphorylates HIV-1 structural proteins, including recombinant reverse transcriptase (rRT) [2].
  • In the current study, we found that the anti-CK-II antiserum stains NFT and neuronal inclusions in many other neurodegenerative diseases as well, including Guam-Parkinson dementia complex, chromosome 18 deletion syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy, Kufs' disease, and Pick's disease [3].
  • CK II activity in metastatic melanoma samples was about 2.5-fold higher than in dermal nevus [4].
 

Psychiatry related information on CSNK2A2

 

High impact information on CSNK2A2

  • Localization to the TGN requires a cluster of acidic amino acids that, together with a pair of serine residues, forms a casein kinase II (CK II) phosphorylation site [6].
  • Casein kinase II (CK II) has been implicated in regulating multiple processes related to cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation [7].
  • We found that each of the three CK II subunits was located predominantly in the cell nucleus, irrespective of the cell type analyzed or the procedure used for cell fixation [7].
  • By replacing serine and threonine residues known to be phosphorylated in vivo, we identified the casein kinase II (CK-II) site S111/S112 to be the determining factor in the enhancement of the transport [8].
  • Our results suggest that CK-II may exert this role by controlling the rate of nuclear protein transport [8].
 

Biological context of CSNK2A2

  • The catalytic subunit alpha' gene of human protein kinase CK2 (CSNK2A2): genomic organization, promoter identification and determination of Ets1 as a key regulator [9].
  • Using in silico and experimental approaches, we find CSNK2A2 to be located on the long arm of chromosome 16 (in contrast to published data), to span 40kb and to consist of 12 exons, with the translational start in Exon 1 and the stop in Exon 11 [9].
  • Additionally, we show here that human PHI is phosphorylated at serine 185 by casein kinase II (CK II) and we provide experimental evidence suggesting that this phosphorylation is associated with secretion, thus providing insights for elucidating the intracellular signal transmission of cell response to stimulation by AMF/NLK/MF [10].
  • These findings suggest that transactivation activity of s-Myc through sequence-specific DNA binding may be indispensable for induction of PCD but that lack of a CK-II cognate sequence in the internal acidic domain may have little effect on these functions of s-Myc [11].
  • Further analysis should determine whether both loci of CK II-alpha are functional, or perhaps one of the two constitutes a pseudogene [12].
 

Anatomical context of CSNK2A2

  • Nuclear casein kinase II (CK II) was purified from an epithelial cell line of Chironomus tentans and characterized [13].
  • We have tested the effects of serum-stimulated growth of quiescent WI38 human lung fibroblasts on cellular casein kinase II (CK-II) activity [14].
  • These findings suggest that these DNA-binding sperm proteins function as potent activators for CK-II in fertilized eggs [15].
  • The results showed that CK II activity was present at significantly high levels in keratinocytes but little or no detectable levels of the activity in human fibroblasts [16].
  • The neurofibrillary tangles, on the other hand, stain very strongly with rabbit anti-CK-II and indicates that CK-II may be involved in the pathology of AD [17].
 

Associations of CSNK2A2 with chemical compounds

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CSNK2A2

  • For the present study, the authors analyzed CK-II immunoreactivity at various stages of tangle formation using quantitative laser confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy [5].
  • The intracellular distribution of CK II and its two intracellular subunits (alpha and beta) was analysed by immunoblotting [13].
  • Furthermore, using an intact rat model, we showed that the potentially novel spleen MAP kinase and CK-II were markedly activated following intravenous injection of insulin [20].
  • In this study, we have used indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation to study the subcellular distribution of all three subunits of chicken CK II, alpha, alpha', and beta [7].
  • The spermine-dependent CK-II activity is reduced by 84% in AD and the amount of CK-II as determined by its immunoreactivity on a Western blot is reduced by 63% [17].

References

  1. Phosphorylation of serine 208 in the human vitamin D receptor. The predominant amino acid phosphorylated by casein kinase II, in vitro, and identification as a significant phosphorylation site in intact cells. Jurutka, P.W., Hsieh, J.C., MacDonald, P.N., Terpening, C.M., Haussler, C.A., Haussler, M.R., Whitfield, G.K. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) [Pubmed]
  2. Biochemical characterization of HIV-1 Rev as a potent activator of casein kinase II in vitro. Ohtsuki, K., Maekawa, T., Harada, S., Karino, A., Morikawa, Y., Ito, M. FEBS Lett. (1998) [Pubmed]
  3. Casein kinase II is associated with neurofibrillary tangles but is not an intrinsic component of paired helical filaments. Baum, L., Masliah, E., Iimoto, D.S., Hansen, L.A., Halliday, W.C., Saitoh, T. Brain Res. (1992) [Pubmed]
  4. Enhanced casein kinase II activity in metastatic melanoma. Mitev, V., Miteva, L., Botev, I., Houdebine, L.M. J. Dermatol. Sci. (1994) [Pubmed]
  5. Casein kinase II alteration precedes tau accumulation in tangle formation. Masliah, E., Iimoto, D.S., Mallory, M., Albright, T., Hansen, L., Saitoh, T. Am. J. Pathol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  6. Intracellular trafficking of furin is modulated by the phosphorylation state of a casein kinase II site in its cytoplasmic tail. Jones, B.G., Thomas, L., Molloy, S.S., Thulin, C.D., Fry, M.D., Walsh, K.A., Thomas, G. EMBO J. (1995) [Pubmed]
  7. Casein kinase II is a predominantly nuclear enzyme. Krek, W., Maridor, G., Nigg, E.A. J. Cell Biol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  8. The rate of nuclear cytoplasmic protein transport is determined by the casein kinase II site flanking the nuclear localization sequence of the SV40 T-antigen. Rihs, H.P., Jans, D.A., Fan, H., Peters, R. EMBO J. (1991) [Pubmed]
  9. The catalytic subunit alpha' gene of human protein kinase CK2 (CSNK2A2): genomic organization, promoter identification and determination of Ets1 as a key regulator. Ackermann, K., Neidhart, T., Gerber, J., Waxmann, A., Pyerin, W. Mol. Cell. Biochem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  10. Phosphohexose isomerase/autocrine motility factor/neuroleukin/maturation factor is a multifunctional phosphoprotein. Haga, A., Niinaka, Y., Raz, A. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2000) [Pubmed]
  11. s-Myc acts as a transcriptional activator and its sequence-specific DNA binding is required for induction of programmed cell death in glioma cells. Kitanaka, C., Sugiyama, A., Kanazu, S., Miyagi, Y., Mishima, K., Asai, A., Kuchino, Y. Cell Death Differ. (1995) [Pubmed]
  12. Mapping of the human casein kinase II catalytic subunit genes: two loci carrying the homologous sequences for the alpha subunit. Yang-Feng, T.L., Zheng, K., Kopatz, I., Naiman, T., Canaani, D. Nucleic Acids Res. (1991) [Pubmed]
  13. A majority of casein kinase II alpha subunit is tightly bound to intranuclear components but not to the beta subunit. Stigare, J., Buddelmeijer, N., Pigon, A., Egyhazi, E. Mol. Cell. Biochem. (1993) [Pubmed]
  14. Serum-stimulated cell growth causes oscillations in casein kinase II activity. Carroll, D., Marshak, D.R. J. Biol. Chem. (1989) [Pubmed]
  15. DNA-binding sperm proteins with oligo-arginine clusters function as potent activators for egg CK-II. Ohtsuki, K., Nishikawa, Y., Saito, H., Munakata, H., Kato, T. FEBS Lett. (1996) [Pubmed]
  16. Casein kinase II activities related to hyperphosphorylation of human papillomavirus type 16-E7 oncoprotein in epidermal keratinocytes. Hashida, T., Yasumoto, S. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1990) [Pubmed]
  17. Aberrant casein kinase II in Alzheimer's disease. Iimoto, D.S., Masliah, E., DeTeresa, R., Terry, R.D., Saitoh, T. Brain Res. (1990) [Pubmed]
  18. Human vitamin D receptor phosphorylation by casein kinase II at Ser-208 potentiates transcriptional activation. Jurutka, P.W., Hsieh, J.C., Nakajima, S., Haussler, C.A., Whitfield, G.K., Haussler, M.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1996) [Pubmed]
  19. Identification of glycyrrhizin-binding protein kinase as casein kinase II and characterization of its associated phosphate acceptors in mouse liver. Harada, S., Karino, A., Shimoyama, Y., Shamsa, F., Ohtsuki, K. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1996) [Pubmed]
  20. Distribution of MAP kinase, S6 kinase, and casein kinase II in rat tissues: activation by insulin in spleen. Hei, Y.J., Chen, X., Diamond, J., McNeill, J.H. Biochem. Cell Biol. (1994) [Pubmed]
 
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