Disease relevance of OLIG1

• Recent in situ hybridization studies showed that mRNA levels of OLIG1 and OLIG2 transcription factors are elevated in oligodendrogliomas [1].
• The semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed that high levels of expression of Olig1 and Olig2 mRNAs were present in anaplastic oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, while expression of these mRNAs in grade IV glioblastomas was lower than in grade II and grade III gliomas (p < 0.01) [2].
• Expression of the oligodendroglial lineage-associated markers Olig1 and Olig2 in different types of human gliomas [2].
• In conclusion, combining Olig mRNA expression and immunohistochemistry of OLIG2 enables oligodendrogliomas to be distinguished from glioblastomas and other astrocytic glial tumors [2].
• Immunolocalization of the oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1 (Olig1) in brain tumors [1].

Psychiatry related information on OLIG1

• It was hypothesized a priori that OLIG2 and OLIG1 were associated with OCD regardless of the presence of comorbid Tourette disorder (TD), but not with TD alone [3].
• Finally, the formation of oligodendrocytes is triggered by an increase in the activity of bHLH factors Olig1 and Olig2 that may be coupled with a decrease in Id activity [4].
• To investigate this possibility, dietary patterns (7-d records), eating-disorders inventory (EDI), and BMD were examined in nine nonrunning eumenorrheic control (Contl) and 32 women runners classified as eumenorrheic (n = 19, Eumen) and oligo/amenorrheic (a group in which some were oligomenorrheic and some were amenorrheic; Ol/Am, n = 13) [5].
• It appears that the oligo/amenorrhea noted in IDDM is principally hypothalamic in origin and may represent intermittent (and perhaps reversible) failure of the GnRH pulse generator, similar to the situation observed in women who engage in endurance training or who suffer from anorexia nervosa [6].
• To isolate genes expressed in early human development, we constructed both oligo dT-primed and random hexamer-primed cDNA libraries from ten different tissues of human embryos aged 53 to 78 days post conception [7].

High impact information on OLIG1

• Indeed, several NMR studies of oligo- and polynucleotides have been carried out to probe the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids in solution (for a review see ref. 1). The present study constitutes the first part of our attempt to assess the influence of non-complementary base pairs on the stability of nucleic acid double helices [8].
• Hybridization of tumor DNA with immunoglobulin gene probes revealed that each lymphoma was oligo- or monoclonal in origin and that individual tumors from the same animal arose from different B-cell clones [9].
• Isolation of the fluorescent hydrolysis product from acid hydrolyzates of oligo- and polydeoxyribonucleotides has shown that the photoadduct is formed by ultraviolet irradiation of d(pTpA), d(TpApT), d(TpApTpA), poly(dA-dT), and both single- and double-stranded DNA [10].
• Recent reports show that Olig genes, which encode the basic helix-loop-helix Olig transcription factors, are essential for development of oligodendrocytes [11].
• Surprisingly, Olig function is also required for formation of somatic motor neurons [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of OLIG1

• Expression microarray analysis and oligo array comparative genomic hybridization of acquired gemcitabine resistance in mouse colon reveals selection for chromosomal aberrations [12].
• In chronic hepatitis C, the antiviral effect may be more important; patients who respond to alpha interferon tend to have higher values of 2'5' oligo adenylate synthetase, an enzyme induced by interferons that breaks down viral RNA [13].
• Elevated plasma testosterone levels were found in 8 women with Cushing's disease and oligo-or amenorrhea and/or hirsutism [14].
• Although more efficacious than T patch alone, Norplant II or oral LNG plus T patch was not as effective in suppressing spermatogenesis to severe oligo- or azoospermia as in previous reports using oral LNG plus TE [15].
• Fructans are a group of fructose-based oligo- and polysaccharides, which appear to be involved in membrane preservation during dehydration by interacting with the membrane lipids [16].

Biological context of OLIG1

• A very low level was detected in ependymomas, whereas other tumors lacked OLIG gene expression altogether [17].
• In this study, we identified Zfp488, an oligodendrocyte-specific zinc-finger transcription regulator, by screening for genes downregulated in the optic nerves of Olig1-null mice [18].
• To determine the effect of the length of the poly-(A) segment on human globin mRNA stability, 10 S globin mRNA was fractionated into poly-(A)-poor fractions by oligo (dT)-cellulose column chromatography [19].
• The genome further specifies systems for scavenging of nutrients, particularly organic and inorganic nitrogen and oligo-elements, biofilm formation at the oil-water interface, biosurfactant production and niche-specific stress responses [20].
• These results demonstrate that oligo-beta-glucosides must have a specific structure to trigger the signal transduction pathway, which ultimately leads to the de novo synthesis of phytoalexins in soybean [21].

Anatomical context of OLIG1

• Further, exposure of cultured progenitor cells to BMP4 changed the intracellular localization of OLIG1 and OLIG2 from a predominantly nuclear to a predominantly cytoplasmic localization [22].
• Olig transcription factors are expressed in oligodendrocyte and neuronal cells in human fetal CNS [23].
• To test the hypothesis that they contribute to initial OL specification in humans, we studied the expression of Olig1 and Olig2 in human fetuses at 5-24 gestational weeks (GW) [23].
• Olig1 was distributed rostrally, from the basal forebrain to the hindbrain, whereas Olig2 was also found in the ventral spinal cord [23].
• Recent studies, however, reveal that in the fetal dorsal spinal cord and neural progenitor cells of the adult brain, Olig expression continues to mark, and may regulate, the formation of oligodendroglia [24].

Associations of OLIG1 with chemical compounds

• In the rodent central nervous system, they are expressed exclusively in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors, and Olig1 can promote formation of an chondroitin sulfate proteoglycon-positive glial progenitor [25].
• In 4 CD34(+) samples incubated for 3 days in cytokine-deficient conditions, cell apoptosis was reduced by more than 30% in the presence of amifostine (or amifostine plus a control oligo); the effect of amifostine was abolished in cultures with the decoy oligo [26].
• Oligo 2'5' adenylate synthetase (2'5'As) induction, natural-killer (NK) cell activity, and T-cell subset distribution (heightened T helper/suppressor ratio) showed the most consistent treatment-associated changes and the greatest immunobiologic effects at dosages of 300 to 1,000 micrograms/m2 [27].
• A 21-mer phosphorothioate-linked oligo DNA complementary to the HBV polyadenylation signal and 5'-upstream sequences was complexed to a targetable DNA carrier consisting of asialoglycoprotein coupled to polylysine [28].
• The carbohydrate chains isolated from ESP-Sia were shown to consist of O-linked oligo/polysialic acid-containing glycan units and N-linked carbohydrate chains [29].

Physical interactions of OLIG1

• Lamin B bound only oligo and poly(dG); no other nucleic acids tested were bound or could compete with the binding of oligo(dG) [30].
• Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of human platelet profilin complexed with an oligo proline peptide [31].
• CASPER is an increment rule-based approach which uses chemical shifts of the free reducing monosaccharides which are altered according to attached residues of an oligo- or polysaccharide sequence [32].

Enzymatic interactions of OLIG1

• Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is a DNA polymerase located in the cell nucleus which catalyses the polymerization of deoxynucleotides at the 3'hydroxyl ends of oligo- or polydeoxynucleotide initiators without a template [33].
• Additionally, the RNA component of the oligo/ RNA duplex is efficiently cleaved by RNase H, the site of endonucleolytic cleavage being dictated by the length of the oligodeoxynucleoside phosphorothioate segment [34].

Regulatory relationships of OLIG1

• To determine if the effects of uPAR are mediated through its ligand, monocytes were pre-treated with AS oligo to block uPA expression [35].
• Co-incubation with p53 anti-sense oligo-nucleotide suppressed As(2)O(3)-induced intracellular p53 over-expression and apoptosis [36].
• 5'SS RNA oligo-induced assembly of the multi-snRNP complex may thus serve as a model to study the mechanism of 5' splice site recognition during splicing [37].
• Oligo I belongs to a class of active oligodeoxynucleotides that inhibits interferon-gamma-induced MHC Class I and ICAM-1 in K562 cells [38].
• Improved Plasmodium falciparum cDNA expression libraries were constructed by combining mRNA oligo-capping with in vitro recombination and directional cloning of cDNA inserts into a plasmid vector that expresses sequences as thioredoxin fusion proteins [39].

Other interactions of OLIG1

• Interactions between ID and OLIG proteins mediate the inhibitory effects of BMP4 on oligodendroglial differentiation [22].
• Thus, it involved enhanced expression of the oligodendrogenic transcription factors Olig1, Olig2, and Nkx2.2 and diminished expression of Id2, an inhibitor of oligodendrogenic differentiation [40].
• Knockdown of cyclin B1 using an RNA interference oligo resulted in a slower cellular growth rate and an increase in resistance to paclitaxel [41].
• Inhibition of p53 expression by using antisense oligo induced apoptosis upon heat shock in 3B4 cells [42].
• Gastrin and CCKBR reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products were detected and verified by specific hybridisation with an oligo probe on Southern blots [43].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of OLIG1

• New oligodendrocytic lineage markers, such as OLIG1/2 gene, will probably help to define the real spectrum of oligodendroglial tumors, which may include a wide variety of tumors with very different prognoses [44].
• The antibody depicted a single distinct band of predicted molecular weight by Western blotting, and did not cross-react with human Olig1 [45].
• High OLIG expression alone has been proposed to distinguish oligodendrogliomas from astrocytomas, so we critically evaluated OLIG2 as a marker by immunohistochemical and oligonucleotide microarray analysis [46].
• Expression of ECAC was found by immunofluorescence using characterized oligo-specific or monoclonal antibody: tamarin intestinal epithelium--but not lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, subserosa, or glycocalyx--demonstrated determinants of the ECAC antigen system [47].
• The results of the biological assays established that the following structural motif is necessary for the oligo-beta-glucosides to have high elicitor activity: [formula; see text] The branched trisaccharide at the nonreducing end of the oligoglucosides was found to be essential for maximum elicitor activity [21].

References