Disease relevance of pol

• We conclude that the F-MuLV gag and pol genes contain sequences that contribute to the pathogenicity of murine retroviruses [1].
• In contrast, a chimeric virus, FrCasE, containing env and 3' pol sequences of 15-1 in a Friend murine leukemia virus background, infects the CNS at high levels and causes a rapid neurodegenerative disease with an incubation period of only 16 days [2].
• The chimeric virus FrCasE, which consisted of the FB29 genome containing 3' pol and env sequences from the wild mouse virus, induced a highly predictable, lethal neurodegenerative disease with an incubation period of only 16 days [3].
• A colinear molecular clone of the Lilly-Steeves polycythemia strain of Friend spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) was modified by inserting a 215-base-pair tag of simian virus 40 DNA into its nonfunctional pol gene region [4].
• In the absence of envelope gene expression, retrovirus packaging cell lines expressing Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) gag and pol genes produce large amounts of noninfectious virus-like particles that contain reverse transcriptase, processed Gag protein, and viral RNA (gag-pol RNA particles) [5].

Psychiatry related information on pol

• We found sequences homologous to retroviral pol genes in the cell-free cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) of 10 of 35 (29%) individuals with recent-onset schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder [6].

High impact information on pol

• We have used in vitro mutagenesis to explore the functions of the gene products encoded by the pol gene of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) [7].
• These findings argue either that the T-8 viral genome contains acquired cellular sequences encoding a portion of P110, or that T-8 P110 represents an inphase deletion of AKR-MuLV Pr180gag/pol with extensive posttranlational modification and that an as yet unidentified protein is responsible for T-8 associated transformation [8].
• Furthermore, of seven methionine-containing T-8 P110 tryptic peptides, at least four can be conclusively shown not to be present in either AKr-MuLV Pr180gag/pol or Pr82env [8].
• The Friend erythroleukemia cell line T3-C12, which produces Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) and can be induced to synthesize hemoglobin by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), was monitored for viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase reverse transcriptase (RT) activity [9].
• Retroviruses whose gag and pol genes are in the same reading frame depend upon approximately 5% read-through of the gag UAG termination codon to make the gag-pol polyprotein [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of pol

• Murine leukemia virus particles assembled in actinomycin D-treated cells were detected by determination of reverse transcriptase [RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (nucleotidyltransferase)] activity and by radioimmunoassay of the major virion protein, p30 [11].
• The effects of poly(1-vinyluracil) [poly(vU)] and poly(9-vinyladenine) [poly(vA)] on the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of murine leukemia virus (Moloney strain) were studied [12].
• By consecutive purification on oligo (dT)- cellulose and DEAE-Bio-Gel columns and centrifugation in 10 to 30% glycerol gradients, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase has been separated from a second virion DNA-binding protein [13].

Biological context of pol

• This DNA fragment encompassed approximately 700 base pairs from the 3' end of the F-MuLV pol gene and 1.7 kilobase pairs of the env gene including all of gp70 and the N-terminal four-fifths of p15E [14].
• Two factors were found in the U3, and R-U5-5'-non-coding regions, and at least two factors in the gag gene region that contained the N-terminal part of the pol gene [15].
• To construct the expression vector, pA8(Psi-), which expresses the genes gag, pol and env derived from A8-V, the SV40 early region was used for the polyadenylation signal (polyA signal) [16].
• However, some regions of the genome showed some homology to retroviral gag and pol open reading frames [17].
• We localized the primary leukemogenic determinant to a 3.8-kilobase fragment of the SL3-3 genome containing the viral long terminal repeat, 5' untranslated sequences, gag gene, and 5', 30% of the pol gene [18].

Anatomical context of pol

• We have previously shown that strong epitopes recognized by anti-Friend virus (FV) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in H-2b mice are encoded in both the env and gag/pol regions of the helper friend leukemia virus genome [19].
• The plasmid containing the gag and pol genes and the plasmid containing the env gene were cotransfected into NIH 3T3 cells [20].
• Approximately 5% of the ribosomes translating the gag gene of murine leukemia viruses read through the UAG terminator and translate the in-frame pol gene to produce the gag-pol fusion polyprotein, the sole source of the pol gene products [21].
• The noninfectious gag pol RNA particles can readily be made infectious by the addition of lipofection reagents to produce preparations with titers of up to 10(5) colony-forming units per ml [22].

Associations of pol with chemical compounds

• Intermediate reverse transcriptase precursor Pr125pol lacked peptide sequences of the four-core proteins but contained reverse transcriptase-specific tryptic peptides plus two additional tyrosine-containing tryptic peptides not related to gag or pol gene products [23].

Regulatory relationships of pol

• To test whether expression of the amphotropic envelope protein was responsible for conferring this serum sensitivity to the RV, env was expressed in the absence of gag and pol in TE671 cells [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of pol

• To avoid false-positive results in this assay it is crucial that indicator cell lines are free of endogenous retroviral sequences that could also be amplified with pol-env PCR primers [25].
• We have used site-directed mutagenesis of cloned Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) DNA to define a function encoded in the 3' region of the viral pol gene and required for efficient integration of viral DNA [26].
• In vivo ligation experiments involving cotransfection of subclones of pRTM and wild-type murine leukemia virus localized the defect in the clone 23 genome to an approximately 400-base-pair region in the pol gene between the SalI and XhoI sites [27].

References