Disease relevance of peroxidase

• We can also obtain information on previously reported genes involved in nematode infection (e.g., multicystatin, peroxidase, catalase, pectin esterase, and S-adenosylmethionine transferase) [1].
• Faecal egg counts, peripheral eosinophilia and peroxidase activity per eosinophil were moderately repeatable but interleukin-5 concentrations had a remarkably high repeatability [2].
• A "crude" antigen prepared from the strobilate stage of Taenia saginata was tested for its suitability in the peroxidase microenzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of T. saginata cysticercosis in cattle [3].

High impact information on peroxidase

• A topology model predicts that the enzyme will utilize cytosolic NADPH to generate reactive oxygen, but the function of the ecto peroxidase domain was unknown [4].
• Although in insects the evidence indicates that the cross-reaction results from the presence of core alpha1,3-fucosylated N-glycans, the molecular basis for anti-horseradish peroxidase staining in nematodes has been unresolved to date [5].
• In this study, pressure injection of horseradish peroxidase or nickel lysine into inhibitory motor neurons revealed numerous spines projecting from the main neuronal process toward the neuromuscular surface that then branched and extended fine, longitudinal processes up to 130 microm in length [6].
• On electron micrographs, the basophilic cells in these clusters appeared to be late-stage basophilic myelocytes, ie, having an increased number of granules, a less-conspicuous Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum, a horseshoe-shaped-to-lobulated nucleus, and reduced peroxidase activity [7].
• Isoelectrofocusing (IEF) isozyme analysis revealed that peroxidase, esterase and superoxide dismutase activity increased after nematode infection, in roots of resistant lines in comparison with their susceptible parents [8].

Anatomical context of peroxidase

• Lumen eosinophils correlated with blood eosinophils, serum antibody against T. colubriformis correlated with peroxidase in the mucus and blood eosinophils correlated with nematode specific IgM levels in the intestinal mucus [9].
• Using Con A coupled with peroxidase, the tips of the microvilli of Ascaris suum and the tips and lateral surfaces of Parascaris equorum were stained [10].
• The peroxisomes of C. elegans were not detectable by cytochemical staining using 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine, a commonly used method depending on the peroxidase activity of peroxisomal catalase at pH 9 in which genuine peroxidases are inactive [11].
• By enzyme cytochemical analysis, intense peroxidase activity was demonstrated in all of the specific granules as well as in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus [7].
• The host inflammatory response was determined by peroxidase activity in mucosal homogenates and by histological counts of mast cells and eosinophils [12].

Associations of peroxidase with chemical compounds

• Recombinant, soluble CUT-2 is shown to be an excellent substrate for an in vitro cross-linking reaction, catalysed by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of H2O2, which results in the formation of insoluble, high-molecular weight CUT-2 and of dityrosine [13].
• Somatic extracts of the three parasitic nematodes Necator americanus, Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Heligmosomoides polygyrus were able to detoxify a model hydroperoxide and a putative natural peroxide by glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity while cytotoxic carbonyls could be metabolized by NADPH-linked reduction activities [14].
• The purified GST pool could neutralize model and lipid peroxides via peroxidase activity but not peroxidation derived reactive carbonyls via glutathione transferase activity [15].
• Whilst the ability of larval H. contortus cytochrome P450 to act as a peroxygenase in vitro was demonstrated, the inhibition results with adult microsomes showing both cytochrome P450 and peroxidase activities require further investigation to clarify the nature of the adult microsomal cumene hydroperoxide-supported O-deethylase activity [16].
• Larval activity was inhibited by typical cytochrome P450 inhibitors (piperonyl butoxide, SKF-525A, chloramphenicol, metyrapone, n-octylamine) and was unaffected by the peroxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid [16].

Other interactions of peroxidase

• The enhanced peroxidase and esterase activities may play a role in the lignification of cell walls, which assists in the resistance to penetration by the nematode [17].
• The effect of Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) infection on the expression of putative root defence-related enzymes, peroxidase (PER), esterase (EST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), was studied in roots of a wheat/Aegilops triuncialis introgression line TR-3531 carrying the Cre7 resistance gene [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of peroxidase

• A longitudinal study of sheep, naturally infected with gastrointestinal helminths, was carried out to quantify the relationships among eosinophilia, eosinophil peroxidase activity, interleukin-5 level and faecal egg counts [2].

References