Disease relevance of Ancylostoma

• Cutaneous larva migrans, caused by the dog hookworms Ancylostoma brasiliensis and Ancylostoma caninum, is also treated primarily with symptomatic measures, but there is a suggestion that thiabendazole may kill the larvae and thus be effective [1].
• Eight trials were conducted in dogs to document the efficacy of ivermectin (6 micrograms/kg of body weight) and pyrantel pamoate (5 mg of active pyrantel/kg) in a beef-based chewable formulation against Dirofilaria immitis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, and Toxascaris leonina [2].
• These results indicate that the current label dosage (for the treatment of Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis, and Taenia pisiformis, but not Giardia spp) of fenbendazole (50 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h, for 3 doses) is also effective for treating giardiasis in dogs [3].

High impact information on Ancylostoma

• Neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF), a 41-kD glycoprotein isolated from the canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), is a beta2 integrin antagonist that inhibits PMN adhesion to endothelial cells [4].
• The cloning and expression of Ancylostoma secreted protein, ASP 1 - a secreted molecule associated with these developmental processes - is an example of how this system allows us to dissect the infectious process at the molecular level [5].
• Neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF), a 41-kDa glycoprotein isolated from the canine hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), binds to the I domain of CD11a and CD11b and inhibits beta(2) integrin-dependent PMN adhesion [6].
• A broad spectrum Kunitz type serine protease inhibitor secreted by the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum [7].
• After GenBank searches in lower organisms, glycoprotein hormone beta-subunit-related genes were identified from the genome of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, hookworm Ancylostoma caninum, and Drosophila melanogaster [8].

Biological context of Ancylostoma

• We evaluated the in vivo anti-metastatic activity of recombinant Ancylostoma caninum Anticoagulant Peptide (rAcAP), a potent (Ki = 265 pM) and specific active site inhibitor of human coagulation factor Xa originally isolated from bloodfeeding hookworms [9].
• A cDNA encoding a surface-associated antigen was cloned from an Ancylostoma caninum infective larvae (L(3)) cDNA library by immunoscreening with pooled human immune sera [10].
• The influence of thyroxine on the host-parasite relationship of Ancylostoma caninum in Swiss albino mice [11].
• Adult Ancylostoma caninum worm extracts contain an activity that inhibits platelet aggregation and adhesion by blocking the function of two cell surface integrin receptors, Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and GPIa/IIa [12].
• Polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of ribosomal (r) DNA was conducted on Uncinaria stenocephala, Ancylostoma caninum, A. tubaeforme and A. ceylanicum [13].

Anatomical context of Ancylostoma

• Intestinal extracts from normal [uninfected] and experimental [infected with a repeated dose of 500 + 500 + 1000 Ancylostoma caninum larvae] mice were bioassayed for histamine using isolated guinea pig ileum preparation [14].
• The alterations of mast cell counts induced in the gut of swiss albino mice by infection with Ancylostoma caninum larvae have been studied, both in single and multiple infections [15].
• The number of peripheral eosinophils was counted in female Swiss albino mice on 1, 4, 9, 16 and 30 days after infection with various single (500, 1000 and 2000) and weekly repeated (500 + + 500 + 1000, 1000 + 1000 and 1000 + 1000 + 2000) doses of filariform Ancylostoma caninum larvae [16].

Associations of Ancylostoma with chemical compounds

• We expressed a catalytically active cysteine protease, Ac-CP-2, from the blood-feeding stage of the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum and vaccinated dogs with the purified protease [17].
• Zoonotic hookworm larvae of the genus Ancylostoma were shown to contain a hyaluronidase activity that migrated on modified sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) hyaluronic acid gels with an apparent Mr of 49,000 [18].
• Role of reactive oxygen species in the chemoprophylactic action of methyl [5-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]-carbonyl]-1H-benzimidazol-2 yl] carbamate in hamster against Ancylostoma ceylanicum [19].
• NADH oxidase and fumarate reductase of Ancylostoma ceylanicum [20].
• Antibody against adult Ancylostoma caninum excretory-secretory (ES) products was used to immunoscreen a cDNA expression library leading to the isolation of cDNAs encoding putative hookworm fatty-acid and retinol-binding proteins [21].

Gene context of Ancylostoma

• The two major secreted larval antigens have been recently identified as Ancylostoma secreted protein-1 (ASP-1) and ASP-2 [22].
• Neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF), a protein isolated from hookworms of the genus Ancylostoma, inhibits CD11b/18-dependent leucocyte function, binding to the I domain of CD11b [23].
• Ancylostoma caninum MTP-1, an astacin-like metalloprotease secreted by infective hookworm larvae, is involved in tissue migration [24].
• In vitro expression of a recombinant paramyosin of Ancylostoma caninum [25].
• Sequence analysis identified the cDNAs as encoding zinc-metalloproteases, which showed between 62% and 70% homology to a metalloprotease 1 precursor of Ancylostoma caninum [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ancylostoma

• Here, David Pritchard, Paul McKean and Gerry Schad describe some aspects of the comparative biochemistry of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, and emphasize differences between the species that could form the basis of discriminatory diagnostic tests [27].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of Ac-mep-1, a developmentally regulated gut luminal metalloendopeptidase from adult Ancylostoma caninum hookworms [28].
• In clinical trials, a single oral dose of 400 mg tribendimidine, administered to patients infected only with N. americanus, or with N. americanus and Ancylostoma duodenalis, resulted in cure rates of 85.7% (132/154) and 89.8% (53/59), respectively [29].
• The efficacy and minimum therapeutic dose of closantel, an injectable salicylanilide anthelmintic, was evaluated on adult Ancylostoma caninum [30].
• We employed 'touchdown' PCR conditions and were able to amplify novel cysteine proteinase gene fragments from the rodent parasite Strongyloides ratti, the human pathogen S. stercoralis, the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum, and from C. elegans [31].

References