The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

Links

 

Gene Review

Grik5  -  glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 5

Rattus norvegicus

Synonyms: GluK5, Glutamate receptor KA-2, Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5, KA2, iGlu5
 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Psychiatry related information on Grik5

 

High impact information on Grik5

  • Kainate receptors are formed from a separate set of genes (GluR5-7, KA-1 and KA-2) and are widely distributed throughout the brain [2].
  • GluR6/KA-2 channels are gated by AMPA, which fails to gate homomeric GluR6 receptor channels [3].
  • A new ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit termed KA-2, cloned from rat brain cDNA, exhibits high affinity for [3H]kainate (KD approximately 15 nM) [3].
  • Our data suggest that the heteromeric GluR5/KA2 combination actually occurs in TG neurons and give a clue as to the subunit composition of native kainate receptor channels [4].
  • The KA2-labeled processes made flat contacts with the cone pedicles, suggesting they are the dendrites of OFF bipolar cells [5].
 

Biological context of Grik5

  • No tyrosine phosphorylation of the AMPA (GluR1-4) and kainate (GluR6/7, KA2) receptor subunits was detected [6].
  • Gene structure of the rat kainate receptor subunit KA2 and characterization of an intronic negative regulatory region [7].
  • We have previously shown that a 500-base pair fragment in the first intron of the GRIK5 gene, which encodes the kainate-preferring glutamate receptor subunit KA2, down-regulates gene expression [8].
  • Our Scatchard analysis of [125I]IgG binding to isolated brush borders has corroborated the presence of two classes of specific binding sites (KA1 = 2.4 X 10(7) M-1 and KA2 = 3.7 X 10(5) M-1) and the increase in overall binding with decreased buffer concentration, as shown by Wallace & Rees 1980 [9].
 

Anatomical context of Grik5

 

Associations of Grik5 with chemical compounds

  • In the rat, subunits of the glutamate receptor family fall into three pharmacologically distinct groups: alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid preferring receptors (Glu R1-4), kainate preferring receptors (Glu R5-7, KA 1, KA 2), and N-methyl-D-aspartate preferring receptors (NMDA R1, NMDA R2A-2D) [13].
  • The results show that the KA2-containing GnRH neurons also contain GluR5 receptor subunit mRNA and protein, and that these GnRH neurons are c-Fos positive during the steroid-induced LH surge [14].
  • The KA site resembled both the KA receptor found on spinal motoneurones and the KA-2 type of receptor [15].
  • Dual in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled GnRH cRNA probes and 35S-labeled glutamate receptor subunit probes, followed by autoradiography and image analysis were used to measure the KA2 or NMDAR2A mRNA content in GnRH neurons in 20- to 50-day-old female rats which were sacrificed at 08.00 or 17.00 h [16].
 

Other interactions of Grik5

  • The amount of several kainic acid-preferring glutamate receptor mRNAs (i.e. KA2, GluR5 and GluR6) were assessed in the PVN by in situ hybridisation histochemistry [17].
  • We also show that the high-affinity kainate receptor subunits KA1 and KA2 are expressed in central terminals of DRG neurons and are co-expressed with low-affinity receptor subunits in the same terminals [18].
  • In addition, quite a few synaptic contacts which were immunopositive for GluR1, GluR2/3, KA2, or glutamate were found in this area [19].
  • Lower levels of mRNAs for GluR7 and KA-1-KA-2 were also indicated [20].
  • The presence of AMPA (GluR4) and KA (GluR6/7 and KA2) receptors on periaxonal astrocytes suggests a role for these cells in glutamatergic white matter injury [21].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Grik5

References

  1. Contrasting effects of electroconvulsive shock on mRNAs encoding the high affinity kainate receptor subunits (KA1 and KA2) and cyclophilin in the rat. Porter, R.H., Burnet, P.W., Eastwood, S.L., Harrison, P.J. Brain Res. (1996) [Pubmed]
  2. The synaptic activation of kainate receptors. Vignes, M., Collingridge, G.L. Nature (1997) [Pubmed]
  3. The KA-2 subunit of excitatory amino acid receptors shows widespread expression in brain and forms ion channels with distantly related subunits. Herb, A., Burnashev, N., Werner, P., Sakmann, B., Wisden, W., Seeburg, P.H. Neuron (1992) [Pubmed]
  4. Glutamate receptor subunits GluR5 and KA-2 are coexpressed in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. Sahara, Y., Noro, N., Iida, Y., Soma, K., Nakamura, Y. J. Neurosci. (1997) [Pubmed]
  5. Selective synaptic distribution of kainate receptor subunits in the two plexiform layers of the rat retina. Brandstätter, J.H., Koulen, P., Wässle, H. J. Neurosci. (1997) [Pubmed]
  6. Differential tyrosine phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits. Lau, L.F., Huganir, R.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) [Pubmed]
  7. Gene structure of the rat kainate receptor subunit KA2 and characterization of an intronic negative regulatory region. Huang, F., Gallo, V. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  8. Identification of nuclear orphan receptors as regulators of expression of a neurotransmitter receptor gene. Chew, L.J., Huang, F., Boutin, J.M., Gallo, V. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  9. Immunoglobulin G receptors of intestinal brush borders from neonatal rats. Rodewald, R., Lewis, D.M., Kraehenbuhl, J.P. Ciba Found. Symp. (1983) [Pubmed]
  10. A complex mosaic of high-affinity kainate receptors in rat brain. Wisden, W., Seeburg, P.H. J. Neurosci. (1993) [Pubmed]
  11. Differential expression of kainate receptors in the basal ganglia of the developing and adult rat brain. Wüllner, U., Standaert, D.G., Testa, C.M., Penney, J.B., Young, A.B. Brain Res. (1997) [Pubmed]
  12. Correlation of the expression of kainate receptor subtypes to responses evoked in cultured cortical and spinal cord neurones. Dai, W.M., Christensen, K.V., Egebjerg, J., Ebert, B., Lambert, J.D. Brain Res. (2002) [Pubmed]
  13. Differential assembly of coexpressed glutamate receptor subunits in neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Brose, N., Huntley, G.W., Stern-Bach, Y., Sharma, G., Morrison, J.H., Heinemann, S.F. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  14. Kainate receptor subunit-positive gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons express c-Fos during the steroid-induced luteinizing hormone surge in the female rat. Eyigor, O., Jennes, L. Endocrinology (2000) [Pubmed]
  15. Characteristics and localization of high-affinity kainate sites in slide-mounted sections of rat cerebellum. Ganakas, A.M., Mercer, L.D., Shinozaki, H., Beart, P.M. Neurosci. Lett. (1994) [Pubmed]
  16. Expression of glutamate receptor subunit mRNAs in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons during the sexual maturation of the female rat. Eyigor, O., Jennes, L. Neuroendocrinology (1997) [Pubmed]
  17. Provocation of kainic acid receptor mRNA changes in the rat paraventricular nucleus by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Koenig, J.I., Cho, J.Y. J. Neuroendocrinol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  18. Presynaptic low- and high-affinity kainate receptors in nociceptive spinal afferents. Lucifora, S., Willcockson, H.H., Lu, C.R., Darstein, M., Phend, K.D., Valtschanoff, J.G., Rustioni, A. Pain (2006) [Pubmed]
  19. Excitatory amino acids act on the median eminence nerve terminals to induce gonadotropin-releasing hormone release in female rats. Kawakami, S., Ichikawa, M., Murahashi, K., Hirunagi, K., Tsukamura, H., Maeda, K. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  20. AMPA-kainate subtypes of glutamate receptor in rat cerebral microglia. Noda, M., Nakanishi, H., Nabekura, J., Akaike, N. J. Neurosci. (2000) [Pubmed]
  21. Role of NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors in traumatic spinal cord axonal injury. Agrawal, S.K., Fehlings, M.G. J. Neurosci. (1997) [Pubmed]
  22. Role of kainate receptor activation and desensitization on the [Ca(2+)](i) changes in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Silva, A.P., Malva, J.O., Ambrósio, A.F., Salgado, A.J., Carvalho, A.P., Carvalho, C.M. J. Neurosci. Res. (2001) [Pubmed]
  23. Differential regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits following cocaine self-administration. Hemby, S.E., Horman, B., Tang, W. Brain Res. (2005) [Pubmed]
  24. Ionotropic glutamate receptors trigger microvesicle-mediated exocytosis of L-glutamate in rat pinealocytes. Yatsushiro, S., Yamada, H., Hayashi, M., Yamamoto, A., Moriyama, Y. J. Neurochem. (2000) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities