Disease relevance of CTAG2

• Using a set of overlapping peptides from the ORF2 protein sequence and autologous dendritic cells (DCs) from normal donors and melanoma patients, we have identified three HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted peptide sequences from the LAGE-1 ORF2 that are capable of stimulating T-helper 1-type melanoma-reactive CD4+ T cells [1].
• NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 cancer-testis antigens are potential targets for immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer [2].
• PURPOSE: NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 are homologous cancer-testis antigens, which are expressed in many different cancers [3].
• Several CGGs of the MAGE, GAGE and LAGE families are coexpressed in a large proportion of osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma samples [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: LAGE-1 expression was detected in esophageal cancer by cDNA RDA [5].

High impact information on CTAG2

• Here we report the identification of the LAGE1 protein as a ligand for tumor-specific CD4(+) Treg cell clones generated from the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of cancer patients [6].
• Our findings document the immunogenicity of LAGE-1 and CT7 and emphasize the power of serological analysis of cDNA expression libraries in identifying new human tumor antigens [7].
• The LAGE2 gene is also located within this duplicated region, and a similar but unique LAGE1 gene is located just distal to the duplicated loci [8].
• From these bulk CD4+ T cells, we have generated CD4+ T-cell clones able to recognize not only peptide-pulsed DCs but also autologous DCs loaded with the LAGE-1 ORF2 protein [1].
• The alternative open reading frame of LAGE-1 gives rise to multiple promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted epitopes recognized by T-helper 1-type tumor-reactive CD4+ T cells [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of CTAG2

• The expression of LAGE-1 was induced by 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5Aza-dC) and trichostatin A (TSA) in esophageal cancer cell lines, which did not express LAGE-1 [5].
• The effects of the combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CCDP) and hyperthermia on tumour growth were examined using transplantable human oesophageal cancer (ESO-2), having a histological type of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, in nude mice [9].
• Fluorescence in situ hybridization for detecting transitional cell carcinoma: Implications for clinical practice Laudadio J, Keane TE, Reeves HM, Savage SJ, Hoda RS, Lage JM, Wolff DJ, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC [10].

Biological context of CTAG2

• Ovaries of 17 adult, pleuriparous, and lactating one-humped she-camels (Camelus dromedarius) were examined per rectum for uterine involution and for presence of follicles (>/=1.0 cm diameter) by real-time ultrasonography at the National Research Centre on Camel at Bikaner, India at 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days postpartum [11].
• Scanning electron microscopic studies of the morphogenesis of the lingual lentiform and coniform papillae in camel (Camel dromedarius) [12].

Anatomical context of CTAG2

• In an effort to examine the potential of NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 CT antigens for immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we examined the expression of these antigens by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a large panel of EOC tissues and cell lines [2].
• The NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 genes are expressed by many human cancers, but not by normal tissues, with the exception of testis and placenta [1].
• 5. Cross-correlograms derived from impulses of parallel interneurons exhibit a mean time lage to peak of 6.6 +/- 2.8 ms (SD) [13].
• Early and lage results of coronary revascularization with saphenous vein and internal mammary artery grafts [14].
• Development of the Mesonephros in Camel (Camelus dromedarius) [15].

Associations of CTAG2 with chemical compounds

• In HEECs, 5Aza-dC induced LAGE-1 expression, but TSA did not [5].
• However, HPLC determination of the hydroquinone concentrations in cigarette smoke extracts from single Camel (33+/-4 micromol/L), Marlboro (13+/-2 micromol/L), and Carlton (<1 micromol/L) cigarettes clearly demonstrated that the potent inhibitory effects of the low-tar cigarettes could not be accounted for by either hydroquinone or catechol [16].
• Further refinements in Camel cigarettes during the following five year period continued to emphasise the smoothness of the cigarette, utilising additives and blends which reduced throat irritation but increased or retained nicotine impact [17].
• DESIGN: Adolescents were shown one print advertisement for each of five cigarette brands (Camel, Marlboro, Kool, Benson & Hedges, and Lucky Strike) [18].
• However, there are considerable reservations over its use for the spectrophotometric determination of thiols because of the possibility of side reactions which generate another Ellmans based species (ESO2-) [19].

Physical interactions of CTAG2

• Both were specific for NY-ESO-1 because neither bound to homologous LAGE-1 peptides despite 84% overall amino acid homology [3].

Other interactions of CTAG2

• CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that CT genes, especially NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1, do express in CRC [20].
• CONCLUSION: These data suggest that immunotherapy of bladder cancer could target CTAs, especially those expressed at higher frequency such as MAGE-A, BAGE and NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 [21].
• Interleukin-2-induced, melanoma-specific T cells recognize CAMEL, an unexpected translation product of LAGE-1 [22].
• Three of these (NY-ESO-1, Lage-1, and Xage-1) were known members of the cancer/testis family of TAAs, and one other protein had previously been isolated by SEREX in cancer types other than PC [23].
• 4. Camel milk lactoferrin did not show a lytic effect on bacteria, while the low molecular weight protein showed lytic activity [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CTAG2

• These findings indicate that NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 are attractive targets for antigen-specific immunotherapy in EOC [2].
• Sera from a subgroup of the patients were tested for NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1 antibody by ELISA [2].
• Cumulatively, our data indicate that NY-ESO-1 and/or LAGE-1 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC [25].
• OBJECTIVES: To investigate by immunohistochemistry the expression of MAGE-A and NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1, cancer testis antigens (CTAs), in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis [26].
• The 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) of 23 clones that were generated from PCR products amplified from Camel samples (three sera, three raw, and two pasteurized milk samples) were subjected to sequence analysis [27].

References