High impact information on Mesonephros

• The cells expressing the Epo gene in the mesonephros were interstitial cells in the vicinity of the proximal tubules [1].
• The transcription factors Pax 2 and Pax 8 are essential for the initiation of pro- and mesonephros development [2].
• In a cDNA microarray screen for genes specifically expressed in the pro/mesonephros and regulated by Pax proteins, we identified Gata 3, a transcription factor gene associated with hypoparathyroidism, deafness and renal anomaly (HDR) syndrome [2].
• In situ hybridizations with Wnt7b, a marker of the metanephric kidney, show that the branching defect was not simply the result of homeotic transformation of metanephros to mesonephros [3].
• Similar N-CAM and PSA patterns were observed in mesonephros development [4].

Biological context of Mesonephros

• Transgenic mice carrying 1341 bp of the 5' flanking region expressed GFP in all embryonic tissues that endogenously express Ksp-cadherin, including the ureteric bud, Wolffian duct, Müllerian duct, and developing tubules in the mesonephros and metanephros [5].
• At day 4 of embryonic development strong cKr1 hybridization signals are found in the brain and neural tube, in the mesonephros and in the gut, respectively [6].
• Studies showed that cell migration from the adjacent mesonephros only occurs into XY gonads; however, it was not known whether this effect depended on Sry, another Y-linked gene, or the presence of one versus two X chromosomes [7].
• Nevertheless, several studies performed on the entire gonad/adrenal/mesonephros complex failed to find differences between male- and female-producing temperatures in oestrogen content, aromatase activity and aromatase gene expression during the thermosensitive period for sex determination [8].
• Between the 5th and 7th developmental weeks Ki-67, caspase-3 and TUNEL-positive cells characterized all mesonephric structures, indicating importance of cell proliferation in the growth of the mesonephros and role of apoptosis in nephrogenesis [9].

Anatomical context of Mesonephros

• AT2 mRNA was present in peripheral interstitial/tissue of the mesonephros, and interstitial tissue surrounding developing glomeruli, but not the outermost nephrogenic mesenchyme in the metanephros from 40 to approximately 131 days (the period of active nephrogenesis) [10].
• Organ cultures of isolated testes or testis-mesonephros grafts confirmed that p75NTR+ cells do not appear in the testis unless a mesonephros is attached to it [11].
• Diffuse VEGF expression was detected in hypoxic areas of neural tube, myocardium, digestive tube, and most prominently in mesonephros [12].
• Later in development, RIHB is detected in the basement membrane under the epidermis, throughout the developing limbs, and in the lamina of various developing organs, such as the eye, the pulmonary bud, the intestine, and the mesonephros [13].
• The embryonic Sertoli cells are the first testicular cells to differentiate and have been shown to express neurotropin-3 (NT3), which can act on high-affinity trkC receptors expressed on migrating mesonephros cells [14].

Associations of Mesonephros with chemical compounds

• Ontogeny of angiotensin II receptors, types 1 and 2, in ovine mesonephros and metanephros [10].
• In mesonephroi cultured in the absence of sugars or in the presence of maltose, the expression pattern of these two marker molecules resembles that found in the mesonephros in vivo [15].
• The large number of estrogen-concentrating cells in the mesonephros and interrenal and the lack of binding to gonadal tissues indicates that estrogen action on gonadal differentiation during the period of sex determination may be indirect [16].
• In freeze-fracture replicas of the entire cross-fractured mesonephros of 18 day rabbit embryos the basolateral and luminal cell faces of the different nephron segments were studied and compared with their metanephric counterparts [17].
• These data suggest that the mesonephros, as well as the gonad, in both sexes is capable of synthesizing steroid [18].

Gene context of Mesonephros

• We have demonstrated that during culture under 5% O(2,) the addition of recombinant human VEGF or FGF2 to mouse embryonic aorta explants (thoracic level to lateral vessels supplying the mesonephros and metanephros) stimulates microvessel formation [19].
• MFG-E8 protein was accumulated extracellularly in the interstitial tissues at the boundary of the mesonephros and the genital ridges [20].
• Whole-mount in situ hybridization indicated that ADH1 expression was first localized in the pronephros during Xenopus embryogenesis, thus conserved with mouse embryonic ADH1 which is first expressed in the mesonephros [21].
• These results suggest that nestin is required transiently during the development of the testis and mesonephros [22].
• IGF-II immunostaining was found in all organs examined, with strongest immunoreactivity in spinal ganglia, tubular cells of the mesonephros and peri- and epidermal layers of the skin [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mesonephros

• Quantitative analysis of embryonic kidney impairment by confocal microscopy and stereology: effect of 1,2-dibromoethane in the chick mesonephros [24].
• The enhancement of ovarian steroid synthesis in cocultures with the mesonephros at certain ages might be due either to increased substrate production and/or increased enzymatic activity [25].

References