Disease relevance of Nutrition Policy

• PCR analysis of other tumor cell lines using the novel STS based on the RDA product has shown it to lie between IFN-alpha and p16, and to identify the distal extent of a homozygous deletion in another ovarian cancer cell line [1].
• Low levels of calcidiol, indicative of generalized vitamin D deficiency, were not observed in this population though mean estimates of vitamin D intakes from food 119 +/- 148 IU) or food and supplements (319 +/- 463 IU) were less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (400 IU) [2].
• Bone resorption and related endpoints were assessed before and 1 wk after the switch.As dietary protein changed from ad libitum to RDA levels, mean urine nitrogen decreased 26% (2.4 g/d; P < 0.001) and mean blood urea nitrogen decreased 15% (1.9 mg/dl; P < 0.001) [3].
• The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C for adult nonsmoking men and women is 60 mg/d, which is based on a mean requirement of 46 mg/d to prevent the deficiency disease scurvy [4].
• Autocrine overexpression of CTGF maintains fibrosis: RDA analysis of fibrosis genes in systemic sclerosis [5].

High impact information on Nutrition Policy

• METHODS: To test this hypothesis, we assessed the effects of breakfast cereals fortified with three levels of folic acid, and also containing the recommended dietary allowances of vitamins B6 and B12, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in 75 men and women with coronary artery disease [6].
• Representational difference analysis (RDA) cloning has identified transcriptional intermediary factor 1 beta (TIF1beta) as a gene inducibly expressed early during myeloid differentiation of the promyelocytic cell lines HL-60 and U937 [7].
• Recommendations for vitamin C intake are under revision by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences. Since 1989 when the last recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 60 mg was published, extensive biochemical, molecular, epidemiologic, and clinical data have become available [8].
• CONCLUSIONS--Increasing daily calcium intake from 80% of the recommended daily allowance to 110% via supplementation with calcium citrate malate resulted in significant increases in total body and spinal bone density in adolescent girls [9].
• The basal diet, a standard commercial mouse chow, contains more vitamin A than the National Research Council's recommended dietary allowance for normal rodents and supports normal growth, reproduction, and longevity of normal mice [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nutrition Policy

• RESULTS: A significantly increased incidence of congenital heart defects was observed in offspring of mothers with hyperphenylalaninemia who had an elevated blood phenylalanine level >10 mg/dL at 0 to 8 weeks of gestation and a protein intake of < or = 50% of the recommended dietary allowance (P <.0013) [11].
• To identify genes under direct regulation by estrogen in breast cancer cells, we have used representational difference analysis (RDA) of cDNAs [12].
• This study reports the effects of subchronic administration of the iron chelator deferoxamine (4.2 mg/day by osmotic minipump for 6 days) and a diet deficient in Vitamin E (15% RDA for 60 days) on the isoelectric electroencephalographic responses associated with 15 minutes of global transient cerebral ischemia in rats [13].
• Epidemiological evidence suggests that a food policy directed at lowering the refined sugar consumption level to about 10 kg per person per year in conjunction with fluoride supplementation of the diet would virtually eliminate dental caries in industrialized countries [14].
• Findings of hypervitaminosis A were observed only in animals given the highest dose of vitamin A (25 x RDA) [15].

Biological context of Nutrition Policy

• Determinants of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C include the relationship between vitamin C dose and steady-state plasma concentration, bioavailability, urinary excretion, cell concentration, and potential adverse effects [16].
• Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance [16].
• We have used Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) to compare gene expression between the two RMS subtypes and have identified the novel gene NCRMS (non-coding RNA in RMS) that has increased expression in the alveolar subtype relative to the embryonal subtype [17].
• Early decline and maintenance of maternal plasma phenylalanine concentrations at <360 micromol/L and mean protein intake greater than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) with mean energy intake near the RDA resulted in the best reproductive outcomes [18].
• Intake of vitamin B6, less than the Recommended Dietary Allowances (1974) for pregnancy and lactation, 2.5 mg/day, resulted in lower levels of the vitamin in maternal serum at delivery and in cord serum than higher intakes [19].

Anatomical context of Nutrition Policy

• The 1998 recommended daily allowance for vitamin B12 is 2.4 micrograms, but elderly people should try to obtain their vitamin B12 from either supplements or fortified foods (e.g. fortified ready-to-eat breakfast cereals) to ensure adequate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract [20].
• Extraordinary monitoring of the specific activities of the erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase proved a severe vitamin B6 deficiency, which was partially corrected by the Recommended Dietary Allowance of 2 mg, and completely corrected by 100 mg [21].
• Trends of exercise- or protein intake-enhanced 3MH excretion could be masked by data as 3MH/(g UCE X d) if exercise or 3 X RDA protein intake can expand the body creatine pool independent of skeletal muscle mass [22].
• For infants, no Recommended Dietary Allowance for biotin has been published; the estimated safe and adequate intake seems to be based on measurements of human milk [23].
• Here, using cDNA RDA method, we isolated 43 ethanol-induced genes in pancreatic beta-cells, and confirmed their differential expression by Northern blot or semi-quantitative RT-PCR [24].

Associations of Nutrition Policy with chemical compounds

• Based on an EAR of 100 mg/d of vitamin C, the RDA is proposed to be 120 mg/d. If the EAR cannot be determined, an adequate intake (AI) amount is recommended instead of an RDA [8].
• A recent study shows that a significant proportion of the population is consuming less than 66% of the recommended dietary allowance for calcium, iron, magnesium, and vitamin B6 [25].
• Based on these data and Institute of Medicine criteria, the current RDA of 60 mg daily should be increased to 200 mg daily, which can be obtained from fruits and vegetables [16].
• Women taking estrogen replacement should be provided the RDA for calcium of 800 mg/day at a minimum [26].
• In both sexes, increasing retinol became negatively associated with skeletal health at intakes not far beyond the recommended daily allowance (RDA), intakes reached predominately by supplement users [27].

Gene context of Nutrition Policy

• In an attempt to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in interleukin-9 (IL-9) activities, representational difference analysis (RDA) was used to identify messages that are induced by IL-9 in a murine T-helper-cell clone [28].
• Genes up regulated by EWS/FLI1 but not by full-length FLI1 were identified by representational difference analysis (RDA) [29].
• Furthermore, using cDNA representational difference analysis (RDA), we show that these cellular effects are associated with marked induction of the gene NDRG1, which was previously identified as a target of transcriptional repression by N-myc and induction by the tumor suppressor protein p53 [30].
• The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the MTHFR 677 T allele on folate status variables in Mexican women (n = 43; 18-45 y) and to assess the adequacy of the 1998 folate U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), 400 micro g/d as dietary folate equivalents (DFE) [31].
• Six percent of 595 cDNAs isolated by cDNA RDA were mec-3-dependent [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nutrition Policy

• Daily for 14 d, elemental zinc (20 mg) and multivitamins (vitamins A and D, thiamine, riboflavin, and nicotinamide) plus calcium were given at twice the US recommended dietary allowance to the zinc group (n=28), and multivitamins plus calcium were given to the control group (n=28) [33].
• To determine whether this new RDA for smokers is sufficient to reduce the risk of low serum ascorbic acid (AA) concentrations (LoC) to the same concentration as nonsmokers, we analyzed the dietary intakes and serum concentrations of AA in 11,582 adult respondents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1976-1980) [34].
• We report a diet that provides a stable intake of vitamin K1 equivalent to the current U.S. Recommended Dietary Allowance, using food composition data derived from high-performance liquid chromatography [35].
• To explore the molecular basis of the tumor suppressor activity of the Sai1 region, we analyzed the RNO5q23-q36 region with several genes and microsatellite markers that could be assigned to the region, as well as with new markers derived by representational difference analysis (RDA) or by microdissection [36].
• To identify differentially expressed genes in c-Myc transgenic mouse liver, we compared the virtues of probing commercially available cDNA arrays with either radiolabeled cDNA pools or radiolabeled difference products (DP2) derived from RDA using c-Myc transgenic and normal mouse liver [37].

References