Disease relevance of PVALB

• Molecular cloning of the thymus-specific parvalbumin known as avian thymic hormone: isolation of a full length cDNA and expression of the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli [1].
• The alpha3 subunit was rarely observed in ganglion cells containing calbindin, calretinin, or parvalbumin [2].

High impact information on PVALB

• We have used an antiserum against carp parvalbumin to isolate from a Drosophila head cDNA library immunopositive expression clones [3].
• Calbindin-D28K is a 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent protein that belongs to the superfamily of high affinity calcium-binding proteins which includes parvalbumin, calmodulin, and troponin C. All of these proteins bind Ca2+ ligands by an alpha-helix-loop-alpha-helix domain that is termed an EF-hand [4].
• The homologies between the nucleotide sequences of TnC, calmodulin, and parvalbumin provide evidence that all three proteins were derived from a common precursor molecule which had four Ca2+-binding sites [5].
• Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone for rabbit fast skeletal muscle troponin C. Homology with calmodulin and parvalbumin [5].
• Parvalbumin could not be localized within isolated myofibrils and also did not accumulate in primary myogenic cell cultures together with proteins forming the myofibrillar structure [6].

Biological context of PVALB

• We purified parvalbumin from chicken muscle, determined its complete amino acid sequence by tandem mass spectrometry, and showed that this protein is rather homologous to muscle parvalbumins from other species but different in 45 positions from the thymic parvalbumin [7].
• Access to the nucleotide sequence of parvalbumin from chicken muscle was gained via the polymerase chain reaction [8].
• The 3'-end of the gene consists of a single large (2039 base pair) uninterrupted exon, an organizational feature common to other members of the calcium binding protein gene family which include calmodulin, parvalbumin, Spec I, myosin light chains, etc [9].

Anatomical context of PVALB

• These results reveal a developmentally regulated expression of GluR2/3 proteins, including their splice variants, and of CB and PV in Purkinje cells [10].
• Prenatal acoustic stimulation influences neuronal size and the expression of calcium-binding proteins (calbindin D-28K and parvalbumin) in chick hippocampus [11].
• Parvalbumin isoforms in chicken muscle and thymus. Amino acid sequence analysis of muscle parvalbumin by tandem mass spectrometry [7].
• This protein, promoting immunological maturation of bone marrow cells in culture, was identified as a parvalbumin [7].
• We hypothesize that the evolutionary appearance of the warm-blooded reptiles was accompanied by recruitment of the beta parvalbumin isozyme for promotion of lymphocyte maturation [12].

Associations of PVALB with chemical compounds

• Chicken leg muscle parvalbumin was digested with cyanogen bromide or trypsin or trypsin after citraconylation [12].
• The use of alternative antibodies for GABA, Calbindin-D28k and parvalbumin in trained and untrained chicks confirmed the double-staining pattern observed in the quantitative experiments [13].
• In contrast, substance P- and cholecystokinin-immunoreactive neurons were more abundant in the medial division, whereas carbonic anhydrase activity and parvalbumin immunoreactivity were stronger in the lateral division [14].
• These findings do not exclude the possibility that physiological activity affects the expression of parvalbumin since other factors such as changing patterns of synaptic activity or the appearance of calcium conducting NMDA receptors have yet to be examined [15].
• The cytoarchitecture of the optic tectum of the Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, was studied using the Golgi-Kopsch method, parvalbumin, calbindin and GABA immunohistochemistry and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase histochemistry [16].

Other interactions of PVALB

• GluR2/3 proteins and the GluR3 flop variant start to be expressed at E10, while the expression of CB, PV, the GluR3 flip isoform and the splice variants of GluR2 all started around E12-E14 [10].
• The translated nucleotide sequence of the muscle protein is unmistakably distinct from that of the thymus-specific parvalbumin known as avian thymic hormone [8].
• Parvalbumin and calretinin in the avian thymus [17].
• We found that trigeminal mesencephalic neurons are surprisingly heterogeneous in their cytochemical make-up, expressing, to varying degrees, substance P, cholecystokinin, carbonic anhydrase, calbindin D-28k, parvalbumin, and S-100 beta [14].
• The wing and leg red muscles, which had larger amounts of myoglobin, contained smaller quantities of parvalbumin [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PVALB

• Tissue in situ hybridization identified a clone that labeled specific neurons and muscles similar to the parvalbumin-like immunohistochemical staining pattern [3].
• Double labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that tenascin-C is associated with neurons which express the Ca(2+)-binding protein parvalbumin, and displays a staining pattern highly reminiscent of perineuronal nets of the extracellular matrix [19].
• 3. PA in individual muscles was determined by a sandwich ELISA and was demonstrated by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis [20].
• To further identify immunocytochemically these GABAA receptor expressing cells, double stainings were undertaken with, on one hand, the monoclonal antibodies directed against the receptor complex, and on the other hand polyclonal antisera directed against cat muscle parvalbumin or chicken calbindin D-28K [21].

References