Disease relevance of ESR2

• Daidzein treatment significantly increased the birth weight of male piglets and markedly reduced the level of ERbeta mRNA in the hypothalamus, but not in the pituitary [1].

High impact information on ESR2

• Both compounds up-regulated the expression of nuclear estrogen receptors ER-alpha and ER-beta [2].
• ER-beta is the predominant form of the receptor expressed in the murine midbrain dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) [3].
• BACKGROUND: Distinct expression patterns of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha and ER-beta are displayed in the murine central nervous system [3].
• We conclude that a low concentration of daidzein may exert its anti-resorptive action by increasing the activity of porcine mature osteoblasts via ERbeta, by regulating runx2/Cbfa1 production, and by stimulating the secretion of key proteins involved in osteoclastogenesis, such as osteoprotegerin and RANK-ligand [4].
• Relative amounts of ERalpha and ERbeta mRNAs decreased in the endometrium of gilts treated with E plus 10 mg DHT compared with gilts treated with E [5].

Biological context of ESR2

• These studies taken together suggest that embryonic ER-beta likely mediates the autocrine functions of estrogens in the dynamic regulation of embryonic growth and development at periimplantation [6].
• The ER-beta mRNA has an open reading frame of 1578 nucleotides and encodes a 526 amino acid polypeptide that displays greater than 90% identity with other mammalian ER-beta proteins [6].
• In primary granulosa cell cultures, transfected ER beta delta 5 plasmid did not inhibit basal reporter activation [7].
• ER beta and ER beta delta 5 transcripts were shown by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to be expressed at a ratio of approximately 2:1 in granulosa cells, small, medium, and large antral follicles, and midluteal phase corpora lutea of unprimed animals [7].
• In vitro translated ER beta delta 5 proteins bound estrogen response elements in DNA in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, as indicated by supershift analysis [7].

Anatomical context of ESR2

• Northern and Western blot analyses using porcine filamentous embryos from Day 12 of pregnancy demonstrated the presence of multiple ER-beta mRNA transcripts of approximately 9.5, 4.9, and 3.5 kilobases, and a similar 64-kDa protein corresponding in size to human ovarian granulosa cell ER-beta, respectively [6].
• RNase protection assays revealed that ER beta mRNA was expressed in the preovulatory follicles and early, midluteal, and regressing corpora lutea (CL) of eCG +/- hCG-primed gilts [7].
• ER beta delta 5 was shown by immunofluorescence to localize to the nucleus in transfected COS-1 cells [7].
• The objectives of the present experiment were to determine effects of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on estrogenic actions in the pig uterus and its associations with changes in expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta [5].
• Immunolocalization of estrogen receptor beta in the epididymis of mature and immature pigs [8].

Associations of ESR2 with chemical compounds

• A low dose of daidzein acts as an ERbeta-selective agonist in trabecular osteoblasts of young female piglets [4].
• PGF2alpha decreased ERalpha mRNA (35%) and increased ERbeta mRNA (558%) and protein (376%) only in Day 17 CL and not Day 9 [9].
• The brains from other animals treated in an identical manner were perfusion fixed and examined for the colocalization of ERalpha plus serotonin and PR plus serotonin with double immunohistochemistry or for expression of ERbeta mRNA with in situ hybridization [10].

Other interactions of ESR2

• In these studies, we evaluated the effect of PGF2alpha on luteal expression of receptors for progesterone (nuclear and membrane progesterone receptor [PR]), estradiol (ERalpha and ERbeta), glucocorticoid, androgens, and two enzymes in estradiol synthesis (P450-17alpha and aromatase) [9].
• Feeding daidzein to late pregnant sows influences the estrogen receptor beta and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor mRNA expression in newborn piglets [1].
• Therefore, we used an antisense gene therapy approach to investigate the contribution of ERalpha and ERbeta on p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and on vascular cell responsiveness [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ESR2

• METHODS: In this study we used immunocytochemistry to show that ER-beta and TPH are colocalized in the serotonergic cells of the murine DRN [3].
• Molecular cloning of porcine estrogen receptor-beta complementary DNAs and developmental expression in periimplantation embryos [6].
• A clear expression of the ERalpha mRNA and a weak expression of the ERbeta mRNA was seen in skeletal muscle tissue and SM satellite cell cultures, as determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR [12].
• The present study was undertaken to determine the tissue-specific expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), and the effects of a daidzein supplement to the diet of pregnant sows on the expression of ERbeta, and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) genes in newborn piglets by using semi-quantitative RT-PCR [1].
• In this paper, we report the assignment of the pig ESR2 gene to porcine chromosome 1 by radiation hybrid mapping [13].

References