Disease relevance of IL4

• The in vitro effect and the in vivo influence of recombinant swine IL-4 (rSwIL-4) were characterized in various swine cells and in nursery pigs on LPS-induced endotoxic shock and pro-inflammatory cytokine productions [1].

High impact information on IL4

• The amount of secreted protein, as determined by TNF-alpha bioassay, was also suppressed by IL-4 [2].
• Interleukin-1 beta expression was completely inhibited by IL-4 [2].
• Messenger RNA stability was not changed by IL-4 [2].
• Interleukin-4 suppresses inflammatory cytokine gene transcription in porcine macrophages [2].
• The data suggest that IL-4 plays an important transcriptional role in the regulation of alveolar macrophage inflammatory activities in respiratory disease and raise the possibility that IL-4 may function in vivo as a coordinator of inflammatory and immune responses [2].

Biological context of IL4

• Comparison of the nucleotide sequence with its human homologue demonstrates deletion within the coding region of pig interleukin 4 centred around amino acid residue 70 in the mature human protein [3].
• Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of porcine interleukin 4 cDNA derived from lamina propria lymphocytes [3].
• Furthermore, mRNAs of the receptors for IL-4 and IL-6 were clearly expressed in the CL throughout the estrous cycle [4].
• The gene expressions of IL-4, IL-6 and their specific receptors were determined in the CL of Chinese Meishan pigs during the estrous cycle [4].
• They express markers associated to a memory phenotype, respond to the recall antigen lysozyme, and produce high amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-4 [5].

Anatomical context of IL4

• These results suggest that IL-4 and IL-6 are locally produced in the porcine CL, and that they inhibit steroid production from luteal cells via their specific receptors [4].
• Messenger RNA for IL-4 and IL-12p35 was not detected in the T-cells [6].
• In this paper we demonstrate that cell membrane-expressed CD154 (CD40 ligand) is able to support the continual growth of porcine mesenteric lymph node B-cell cultures for more than 4 months without the addition of exogenous cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) [7].
• In general, we found increases in the percentages of IL-4-, gamma-IFN-, and TNF-alpha-producing lymphocytes in the infected piglets compared to the percentages in the uninfected control animals, while there was a decrease in the percentage of IL-8-producing monocytes [8].

Associations of IL4 with chemical compounds

• Neither IL-4 nor IL-6 had any effect on PGF2alpha secretion by the cells [4].
• Expression of mRNAs for interleukin-4, interleukin-6 and their receptors in porcine corpus luteum during the estrous cycle [4].

Other interactions of IL4

• IL-2, IL-4 or transforming growth factor-beta responses were not detected at any time for neither of the vaccines [9].
• For IL2, IL4, IL8 or transforming growth factor beta, no differences were seen among groups [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of IL4

• Interleukin 4 transcripts were then specifically amplified by PCR [3].
• IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-4 mRNA expression was undetectable in our animal model, whereas IL-6 was constitutively transcribed in normal and ischaemic heart and remained insensitive to microembolisation and focal necrosis [11].
• Messenger RNA was isolated from the T-cells and used to evaluate the effects of treatment on IL-12p35, IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 expression using RT-PCR [6].
• In this case, comparison of ELISA and ELISPOT could not be done because cytokine levels in culture supernatants were often below the detection limit of the IL-4 ELISA [12].
• Technically, by flow cytometry we were able to measure gamma interferon (gamma-IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-8 levels [8].

References