Disease relevance of LYZ

• Lysozyme and angiotensin converting enzyme levels in experimental mycobacterial granulomas [1].
• In the lymph nodes with granulomas induced by either live BCG or killed M. leprae, the mean concentrations of lysozyme and ACE varied directly with the mean weight of the lymph nodes but the temporal pattern of weight change differed with the two agents [1].
• Guinea pigs were given lysozyme or pronase or both orally for a period of 8 days, and on day 7 they were primed with hepatitis B surface antigen [2].
• Pulmonary MGC in dermatosis vegetans are derived from mesenchymal cells, and substantial evidence is provided in support of a monocyte/macrophage origin based on a positive reaction for lysozyme and a myelomonocytic antigen [3].
• The bacteriocins of all seven Enterococcus strains were inactivated by alpha-chymotrypsin, proteinase K, trypsin, pronase, pepsin and papain, but not by lipase, lysozyme and catalase [4].

High impact information on LYZ

• Not only their total contents in myeloperoxidase, beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme, and B12 binding protein were significantly reduced (by 62, 21, 47, and 63%, respectively, P less than 0.01), but also their capability for further secretion of residual B12 binding protein upon stimulation [5].
• In addition, genistein and herbimycin A, potent protein-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, were capable of reducing concanavalin A-evoked p72syk activation and Ca2+ mobilization as well as the aggregation and lysozyme release [6].
• Absorption studies revealed that EAE-STA was diminished after exposure to guinea pig or rat spinal cord or guinea pig or rat kidney, but it was not demonstrably reduced after absorption with neonatal rat spinal cord lacking encephalitogenic activity or with guinea pig or rat myelin basic protein or lysozyme [7].
• Amide hydrogen exchange in a highly denatured state. Hen egg-white lysozyme in urea [8].
• This behaviour contrasts with that of a partly folded state of hen lysozyme denatured in trifluoroethanol and with that of the molten globule state of a homologous protein, guinea pig alpha-lactalbumin [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of LYZ

• The increased lysozyme and ACE concentrations found in the lymph nodes of DNFB sensitised animals gives further evidence that such changes are not unique to granulomas [1].
• The results obtained showed that tetanus toxoid and lysozyme were efficiently incorporated by the double emulsion procedure when ethyl acetate was used as solvent (>80% entrapment efficiency), whereas it was necessary to use methylene chloride to achieve high insulin entrapment efficiencies [9].

Biological context of LYZ

• These reactions, with pig insulin, and with hen's-egg-white lysozyme, were carried out in neutral solution at 37 degrees C. High concentrations of penicillin are needed to label the proteins, owing to concurrent hydrolysis of penicillin [10].
• Stimulation of cellular immunity in the group receiving both lysozyme and pronase simultaneously was significantly increased compared with the group receiving only one of them [2].
• Comparative studies on radiolabeling of lysozyme by iodination and reductive methylation [11].
• They express markers associated to a memory phenotype, respond to the recall antigen lysozyme, and produce high amounts of IFN-gamma and IL-4 [12].
• CONCLUSIONS: Heparin has multiple binding sites for lysozyme, amounting to at most one lysozyme molecule per 3 disaccharide units of heparin [13].

Anatomical context of LYZ

• Advanced ruminants, such as cow, sheep, and deer, have approximately 10 lysozyme genes, some of which are expressed and function in the stomach and some which are expressed and function in nonstomach tissues (e.g., trachea or kidney) [14].
• Four days following the epicutaneous application of DNFB, where there was no granuloma, there was a similar increase in the concentration of lysozyme and ACE in the lymph nodes [1].
• Thus, in the granulomatous responses, the parallel tissue and serum changes in lysozyme and ACE concentrations were consistent with increased production and secretion of each enzyme by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series [1].
• Effect of oral administration of lysozyme or digested bacterial cell walls on immunostimulation in guinea pigs [2].
• Using the guinea pig peritoneal macrophages, we determined the effects of selected prostaglandins on in vitro CP and found that PGE2 inhibited production of complement proteins but not lysozyme; the response of elicited and resident peritoneal cells to PGE2 was identical; and PGE1, PGF2 alpha, and PGI2 had no detectable effect [15].

Associations of LYZ with chemical compounds

• The antigen was found to be resistant to nuclease, pronase, and lysozyme treatment; was precipitable with 70% ethanol; and was destroyed by sodium m-periodate--findings that are consistent with a carbohydrate structure [16].
• Evidence has been obtained that the penicillin-reactive sites on the insulin molecule are the alpha-amino group at the N-terminus of the A chain and the epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue; whereas a site of reaction with lysozyme appears to be the epsilon-amino group of lysine-116 [10].
• Under the low ionic strength conditions, gentamicin uptake was inhibited by the presence of other aminoglycosides, lysozyme, polyamines such as spermine and inorganic cations such as calcium [17].
• Complexation decreased lysozyme stability, suggesting that heparin has a higher affinity for the unfolded state than the native state [13].
• On the other hand, reductive methylation of lysozyme by formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride was considered suitable for radiolabeling of lysozyme [11].

Other interactions of LYZ

• Later, presumably after lysozyme was well adapted for functioning in the new environment, which contains acid, pepsin, and fermentation products, the rate of amino acid replacement became subnormal [18].
• Toxic activity was destroyed by Pronase, phospholipase, lipase, amylase, and glucosidase but not by trypsin, collagenase, cellulase, lysozyme, hyaluronidase, or neuraminidase [19].
• Sows fed CLA had higher (P < 0.05) serum leptin, IgG, and lysozyme [20].
• Lysozyme, a protein of similar molecular weight, does not show a significant decrease in the extent of H/D exchange as it binds to Ca2+, indicating that the changes in H/D exchange for calmodulin reflect tertiary structural change that occur upon binding with Ca2+ [21].
• Innate immunity-associated genes, including complement 3 and lysozyme, and the genes for epithelial chloride channel and trappin 1 were highly expressed by jejunal Peyer's patch in both juvenile and adult pigs [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of LYZ

• We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify lysozyme secretion by Calu-3 cells in response to various agonists and inhibitors [23].
• Protein stability was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry and followed in a 12-weeks storage stability study at 37 degrees C. RESULTS: Binding stoichiometry between heparin and lysozyme was found to be dependent on ionic strength of the solution [13].
• SDS-PAGE of lysozyme treated cells demonstrated that a 44 kDa protein which was present in the parent strain, was absent in mutant M2 [24].
• The ATP-dependent proteolytic activity measured in reticulocyte lysates using 125I labelled lysozyme was 3.6 fold higher in the T3 than in the control group of guinea pigs (p less than 0.01) [25].
• Rat LZM which showed a single protein band on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration [26].

References