Disease relevance of SCGB1D4

• The relationship of transcription factor IIS to a protein previously purified from Erlich ascites tumor cells (Sekimizu, K., Nakanishi, Y., Mizuno, D., and Natori, S. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1582-1588) was also studied [1].
• Studies of the effect of this factor (transcription factor IIS) on transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter in a system reconstituted with RNA polymerase II and purified factors (IIA, IIB, IIE, and IID) indicated that it acted subsequent to the initiation step and that it stimulated the rate of elongation [1].
• The new assay involves the use of a modified HIV-1 (NL-Mme) containing a type IIS restriction site, MmeI, at the right end of viral DNA [2].
• To further implicate lysosomal proteins in the etiology of type IIS, Niemann-Pick disease we measured the effect of correction (conditioned) medium, and the lysosomotropic agent, NH4Cl on cholesterol ester synthesis in fibroblasts [3].
• The 5' 'half-virus' construct was further modified by incorporating a class IIS restriction site, Esp3I, near the 3' end of the protease gene of HIV [4].

High impact information on SCGB1D4

• Using algorithms for protein sequence analysis we predict that some of the canonical type II and type IIS restriction enzymes have an active site with a substantially different architecture and fold from the "typical" PD-(D/E)xK superfamily [5].
• We have previously isolated a HeLa cell cDNA encoding a 21-kDa polypeptide that is 48% similar to transcription factor IIS [6].
• Single alanine substitution mutations at Asp-450 or Asp-467 of the type IIS restriction enzyme Fok I have no effect on the ability of the enzyme to bind strongly and selectively to its recognition site but completely eliminate its ability to cleave either strand of substrate DNA [7].
• We named this protein IFN-gamma-inducible SCGB (IIS), because its expression in lymphoblast cells is augmented by IFN-gamma treatment [8].
• Interestingly, although the expression of IIS mRNA is not significantly different in resting lymphoid cells, it is markedly elevated in activated CD8(+) and CD19(+) cells [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of SCGB1D4

• Fibroblasts from 13 patients with the clinical phenotype of type IIS, Niemann-Pick disease were evaluated for their ability to incorporate oleic acid into cholesterol esters via an LDL responsive mechanism [3].
• NE/E commence this process by activation of NF(kappa)B in macrophages, visceral fat, and endothelial cells which induces the production of toll-like receptors which, when engaged, produce a cascade of inflammatory reactions comprising the acute phase response (APR) of the innate immune system (IIS) [9].

Biological context of SCGB1D4

• The amino acid sequence shared 24% identity with a putative nicking enzyme in Bacillus halodurans and 23 and 20% identity with type IIS restriction endonucleases PleI and MlyI, respectively [10].
• To generate DNA deletions, a tandem array of class IIS restriction enzyme recognition sites was cloned into a plasmid [11].
• Addition of a class IIS enzyme site in the mutagenic primer to improve two-step PCR-based targeted mutagenesis [12].
• Five-color-based high-information-content fingerprinting of bacterial artificial chromosome clones using type IIS restriction endonucleases [13].
• By converting the linker insertions to either single base point mutations or deletions using the class IIS restriction endonuclease BsmI we have shown that nucleotides -119 and -109 within the GARE -121GTAACAGAGTCTGG-108 and nucleotide -152 within the proposed element -156GATTGACTTGACC-144 are essential for high level expression from this promoter [14].

Anatomical context of SCGB1D4

• IIS is expressed in virtually all tissues, and the highest level of expression is detectable in lymph nodes, tonsil, cultured lymphoblasts, and the ovary [8].
• Transport experiments using green fluorescent protein-fused Protox II suggested that the larger and smaller translation products (Protox IIL and IIS) target exclusively to chloroplasts and mitochondria, respectively [15].
• Results Women with p-GDM and IIS had significantly increased body fat mass (BFM) (P </= 0.001) compared with women with p-GDM and NIS and controls, whereas the waist to hip ratio (WHR) was similar in both p-GDM groups but was higher compared with the controls (P </= 0.001) [16].
• This study does not validate the IIS for pelvic and lower limb fractures [17].

Associations of SCGB1D4 with chemical compounds

• Furthermore, treatment of lymphoblast cells with IIS antisense phosphorothioate (S)-oligonucleotides prevents chemotactic migration and invasion [8].
• This study was a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational trial of fosinopril in 308 patients with mild to moderately severe heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class IIS 17%, IIM 48%, and III 35%; mean ejection fraction [+/-SD] 26.5% [+/-6.9%]; bicycle exercise duration 1 to 11 min) [18].
• Transcription factors IIF and IIS and nucleoside triphosphate substrates as dynamic probes of the human RNA polymerase II mechanism [19].
• Interestingly, tandem proteins, proposed as evolutionary intermediates during circular permutation, can be directly observed in the case of adenine methyltransferases, because some enzymes belonging to type IIS, like the FokI methyltransferase, are built up by two fused enzymes, both of which are active independently of each other [20].
• 4 Five patients died within one month of captopril and five between four and seven months, three of whom had improved to class IIM and one to IIS before death [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SCGB1D4

• Oligonucleotide PCR primers were designed for each polymorphic locus such that one of the primers contained a recognition site for BbvI (a type IIS restriction enzyme), followed by 11 nucleotides of locus-specific sequence, which reside immediately upstream of the polymorphic site [22].
• Use of class IIS restriction enzymes for site-directed mutagenesis: variations on Phoenix mutagenesis [23].
• Immobilization of xylan-degrading enzymes from Melanocarpus albomyces IIS 68 on the smart polymer Eudragit L-100 [24].
• The first critical step is the ligation of adaptors containing a Type IIS recognition sequence to the anchored 3' end cDNA population that permits the release of short sequence tags (SSTs) from defined sites within the 3' end of each transcript [25].
• In women, lower IIS scores are significantly associated with lower body height and improved old age survival [26].

References