Disease relevance of Dipetalonema

• Chitinase genes expressed by infective larvae of the filarial nematodes, Acanthocheilonema viteae and Onchocerca volvulus [1].
• Immunogenicity of the extracellular copper/zinc superoxide dismutase of the filarial parasite Acanthocheilonema viteae delivered by a two-phase vaccine strain of Salmonella typhimurium [2].
• The successful treatment of Dipetalonema perstans filariasis with mebendazole [3].

High impact information on Dipetalonema

• Acanthocheilonema viteae filariae were shown to lack intracellular bacteria and to be insensitive to tetracycline [4].
• Modulation of macrophage cytokine production by ES-62, a secreted product of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae [5].
• In this study, we demonstrate that ES-62 (2 microg/ml), a phosphorylcholine (PC)-containing glycoprotein released by the rodent filarial parasite Acanthocheilonema viteae, is able to polyclonally activate certain protein tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activating protein kinase signal-transduction elements in B lymphocytes [6].
• We have recently shown that the immunomodulatory substance phosphorylcholine (PC) is covalently attached to ES-62, a major secreted protein of the filarial nematode parasite Acanthocheilonema viteae, via an N-linked glycan [7].
• Parasite antigens were detected in 45 of 46 sera from infected dogs but were absent in sera from uninfected dogs and sera from dogs infected with Dipetalonema reconditum [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dipetalonema

• Effect of mebendazole and levamisole on Onchocerca volvulus and Dipetalonema perstans [9].

Biological context of Dipetalonema

• Attempts were made to correct the low responder phenotype of microfilaraemic Acanthocheilonema viteae (Dipetalonema viteae) infected BALB/c mice through the transfer of immune spleen cells and immune serum from amicrofilaraemic B10 background mice [10].

Anatomical context of Dipetalonema

• Soleus muscle adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) levels in Mastomys natalensis with Dipetalonema viteae infections: effect of diethylcarbamazine [11].

Associations of Dipetalonema with chemical compounds

• Serologic and immediate skin tests with Dirofilaria immitis antigen were positive, and blood smears transiently showed microfilariae of Acanthocheilonema perstans after the patient had been treated with diethylcarbamazine [12].
• Similar embryostatic and macrofilaricidal effects of MDC were observed in Acanthocheilonema viteae adult worms [13].
• A series of guanylhydrazone, amidine, and hydrazone derivatives of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine have been prepared and evaluated for macrofilarial activity against Acanthocheilonema viteae and Brugia pahangi in jirds [14].
• We describe a 17-kDa antigen (Av17) of the rodent filarial parasite Acanthocheilonema viteae, which shows amino acid homologies to cystatin C, a major cysteine protease inhibitor belonging to family 2 of the cystatin superfamily [15].
• Restimulation of splenocytes from mf-infected animals with an extract of Acanthocheilonema viteae, a related filarial worm which lacks endosymbiotic bacteria, also resulted in NO production and proliferative suppression, demonstrating that lipopolysaccharide of bacterial origin is not essential to the induction of iNOS activity [16].

Gene context of Dipetalonema

• Antioxidant enzymes in Acanthocheilonema viteae and effect of antifilarial agents [17].
• ES-62 is an abundant phosphorylcholine-containing secreted glycoprotein of the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae [18].
• Acanthocheilonema viteae: stage-specific expression of G-protein alpha-subunits [19].
• A nuclear magnetic resonance study of the role of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the glucose metabolism of Dipetalonema viteae [20].
• The microfilariae of 2 species of Dipetalonema (i.e., D. gracile and D. caudispina), common parasites of South American monkeys, develop to the third (infective) stage in the biting midge, Culicoides hollensis [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dipetalonema

• Microfilariae of Dipetalonema viteae and Litomosoides carinii were studied by means of electron microscopy after oral treatment of their hosts with metrifonate (3 x 100 mg/kg) or diethylcarbamazine (3 x 250 mg/kg) [22].
• Stage-specific haemagglutinating (HA) and precipitin antibodies (PA) to infective larvae (L3), adult worms and microfilariae (mf) have been demonstrated in sera of Mastomys natalensis during the course of Dipetalonema viteae infection using indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and Ouchterlony's gel-diffusion tests [23].

References