Disease relevance of Filarioidea

• Therefore, we have correlated the frequencies of cells expressing the pan-NK marker DX5 and subsets bearing inhibitory Ly-49 receptors with worm survival and cytokine production during infection with Litomosoides sigmodontis in BALB/c mice (H2(d)), the only fully permissive model of filariasis [1].
• Antibiotic therapy in murine filariasis (Litomosoides sigmodontis): comparative effects of doxycycline and rifampicin on Wolbachia and filarial viability [2].
• After oral administration of furazolidone in doses of 5 x 50 mg/kg and 1 x 100 mg/kg body weight to Litomosoides carinii--infected Mastomys natalensis microfilaraemia decreased continuously and was reduced by more than 98% 42 days after start of treatment [3].
• Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency was induced in cotton rats which were then infected with the filarial parasite Litomosoides carinii [4].

High impact information on Filarioidea

• Cloning and expression analysis of two mucin-like genes encoding microfilarial sheath surface proteins of the parasitic nematodes Brugia and Litomosoides [5].
• Interleukin-4 is essential for the control of microfilariae in murine infection with the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis [6].
• 3-Aminopyrrolidines bearing acyl substituents on either nitrogen and N-acylated 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes are potent microfilaricides in the Litomosoides carinii gerbil test system but have no effect on adult worms [7].
• A large proportion of the nucleotide substitutions between species were synonymous. vrrA has 35% identity with the microfilarial sheath protein shp2 of the parasitic worm Litomosoides carinii [8].
• In addition, sequence comparison of E1 to its homologue from Litomosoides sigmodontis and to Caenorhabditis elegans ankyrin defines two further putative functional domains [9].

Biological context of Filarioidea

• Involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 in the embryogenesis of the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis [10].
• Cytochemical demonstration of lectin binding-sites in the cuticle and tissues of Acanthocheilonema viteae (Filarioidea) [11].

Anatomical context of Filarioidea

• The role of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) in the effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for clearing microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii from the blood stream was studied in the cotton rat and the jird, using diethylstilbestrol (DES) for the stimulation of MPS and carrageenan (CGN) for the blockade of MPS [12].

Associations of Filarioidea with chemical compounds

• Both genomic and cDNA clones have been isolated encoding the major sheath glycoprotein, gp22, of Litomosoides carinii microfilariae [13].
• Dimethylaminoethanol is a major component of the Litomosoides carinii microfilarial sheath [14].
• Effect of arsenical drugs on glutathione metabolism of Litomosoides carinii [15].
• Isolated sheaths from Litomosoides carinii microfilariae were disintegrated by reduction with dithiothreitol and were 14C-carboxymethylated [16].
• Effect of thiamine deficiency on the filarial infection of albino rats with Litomosoides carinii [17].

Gene context of Filarioidea

• We compared the impact of IL-4 and IL-5 deficiency during the fully permissive infection of BALB/c mice with the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis [18].
• The activity of 2,2'-dicarbomethoxyamino-5,5'-dibenzimidazolyl ketone (II, C.D.R.I. Comp. 82/437) has been evaluated for its micro- and macro-filaricidal efficacy against Litomosoides carinii in rodents [19].
• We find: (1) arsenicals readily inhibit glutathione reductase of Litomosoides carinii but have little effect upon mammalian enzyme [15].
• Immune response to the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis in susceptible and resistant mice [20].
• Purification and properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from Molinema dessetae (Nematoda: Filarioidea) [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Filarioidea

• It was confirmed that the drugs CGP 20376, 21835, 20308, 21306, and 6140 cause a rapid immobilization in vitro of the adult filarial worm, Litomosoides carinii, the time required being similar to rotenone at the same concentration [22].
• Demonstration of anti-cuticular antibodies by immuno-electron microscopy in sera of mice immunized with cuticular extracts and isolated cuticles of adult Dipetalonema viteae (Filarioidea) [23].
• Treatment of Litomosoides carinii infected Mastomys natalensis with diethylcarbamazine (DEC: 500 mg/kg p.o.) was followed by increased occurrence of microfilariae in the bronchi of the host after 40 min and lasting at least until 6 h after treatment [24].

References