Disease relevance of Myxedema

• To clarify the role of hypoxic ventilatory drive and hypercapnic ventilatory drive in thyroid hormone insufficiency states, 10 patients with myxedema and seven with hypothyroidism (thyroid ablation) were studied before and after thyroid replacement [1].
• In a woman with myxedema and normal total and ionized plasma calcium levels, persistent hypercalcemia developed when she was treated with thyroxine [2].
• This report describes a man with recurrent ventricular tachycardia in whom hypothyroidism developed during amiodarone therapy and who died of probable myxedema coma [3].
• In this study, we evaluated the pathogenetic role of thyroid-cytotoxic Abs in 20 patients with atrophic thyroiditis (idiopathic myxedema; AT) and 94 patients with goitrous Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) [4].
• The recombinant fusion protein from the original D1 clone was recognized in dot blot or Western blot assays by 4 of 19 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 3 of 9 patients with Graves' disease, and 1 of 6 patients with idiopathic myxedema; all other sera (12), including that from normal subjects, were negative [5].

Psychiatry related information on Myxedema

• Continuous positive airway pressure and administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate prevented further episodes and relieved much of the somnolence and lethargy that had contributed to the evidence for myxedema [6].

High impact information on Myxedema

• A 54-year-old woman with myxedema had hundreds of discrete cutaneous mucinous papules, which responded dramatically to appropriate replacement therapy with L-thyroxine [7].
• These observations in an unusual patient with profound myxedema and cardiac dilatation permit correlation between the reversible changes in myocardial function and steady-state mRNA levels in a cardiomyopathy [8].
• In no case do the same mutants lose their reactivity with TSH or blocking-type TSHR autoantibodies (blocking TSHRAbs) from hypothyroid patients with idiopathic myxedema [9].
• Myxedema coma associated with lithium therapy [10].
• In patients with suspect pretibial skin lesions, the thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test may be required to establish the presence of subtle underlying thyroid gland autonomy and the diagnosis of euthyroid pretibial myxedema [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Myxedema

• An index developed for hypoxic ventilatory drive was markedly reduced in myxedema: 17 plus or minus 4.7 (S.E.M.) (normal, 126 plus or minus 8.7) (P smaller than 0.01) and increased to 78 plus or minus 12.6 (p = 0.02) with thyroid hormone replacement [1].
• We have noted that early in the course of thyroxine (T4) replacement in myxedema, serum T4 concentrations may be transiently elevated before reaching a lower "steady-state" level [12].
• The role of vasopressin in the impaired water excretion of myxedema [13].
• Myxedema coma during long-term amiodarone therapy [3].
• Other etiologic factors were myxedema (two patients), phenothiazine ingestion (six patients) and breast manipulation (four patients) [14].

Biological context of Myxedema

• Osmoregulation of plasma vasopressin in myxedema [15].
• IgG of primary myxedema suppressed oncogene expressions by TSH or Graves' IgG, but not by IGF-I [16].
• Recently spontaneous remission of metastatic non-small cell carcinoma of lung was reported in a man following recovery from myxedema coma [17].

Anatomical context of Myxedema

• A thick, shaggy, fibrinous exudate on the pericardium contained abundant cholesterol clefts typical of chronic effusion and myxedema [18].
• The myxomatous materials in cutis from a patient with pretibial myxedema (PTM) with Graves' disease were found to be mainly hyaluronic acid (HA), which had accumulated extensively in the upper dermis [19].
• TSH and TSH receptor antibody-binding sites were studied on plasma membranes of fibroblasts cultured from the skin of pretibial myxedema with radioreceptor assay [20].

Gene context of Myxedema

• Microsomal (anti-TPO) antibodies are very useful markers of autoimmune thyroid disorders and are generally present in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, idiopathic myxedema and Graves' disease [21].
• The present report identifies an important immunogenic region of the TSH receptor and determinants on the TSH receptor for the two types of autoantibodies seen in hyperthyroid Graves' disease and hypothyroid idiopathic myxedema, TSAbs and TSBAbs, respectively [22].
• In 22 cases of myxedema 22 HLA-A and B antigens were typed [23].
• The THRA induced by TBII(+)/TSAb(+) IgGs as well as TBII(-)/TSAb(-) IgG was inhibited by blocking-type TRAb obtained from TBII(+) patients with myxedema [24].
• This has allowed us to use these mutants to detect stimulating TSHRAb activity in the sera of hypothyroid patients with idiopathic myxedema who have blocking TSHRAbs [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Myxedema

• In a prospective study, nine patients with pretibial myxedema were treated with intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide [26].
• Effect of plasmapheresis and steroid treatment on thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins in a patient with exophthalmos and a patient with pretibial myxedema [27].
• A 7-year-old male English Coonhound with suspected myxedema coma complicated by severe hypothermia and metabolic abnormalities was treated with a combination of active external and core rewarming techniques, i.v. and oral administration of levothyroxine, supplemental oxygen, and administration of fluids (0.9% NaCl solution) [28].
• Fifteen patients with confirmed myxedema at a median age of 48 years (range 32 to 60 years) were referred for audiological evaluation before and after treatment with levothyroxine [29].
• This report presents an atypical case concerning a 60-year-old Taiwanese female, with a history of thyroidectomy surgery due to thyroid cancer, who was later diagnosed with myxedema and cardiac tamponade [30].

References