Disease relevance of Rewarming

• To determine if a relationship exists among the magnitude and rate of airway rewarming, and the severity of bronchial obstruction in thermally induced asthma, we had seven subjects perform three- to four-point stimulus response curves with isocapnic hyperventilation of frigid air with and without pretreatment with inhaled norepinephrine [1].
• Similar to hepatocytes, cultured liver endothelial cells exhibited blebbing, chromatin condensation and margination, marked nuclear condensation, and increased stainability with Hoechst 33342 when exposed to hypothermia/rewarming [2].
• To clarify the actions of SAM during different stages of ischemia/ reperfusion, we have compared its benefit in five dosage regimens, using perfused rat livers after sequential periods of 24 hr cold and 20 min rewarming ischemia [3].
• Fentanyl anesthesia and mechanical ventilation were continued in both groups until the end of rewarming (2 hrs after traumatic brain injury) [4].
• This study assessed the effects of phentolamine on rewarming patterns and metabolic acidosis in 37 patients subjected to hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass for the performance of aortocoronary bypass grafting [5].

High impact information on Rewarming

• Reducing the mucosal blood supply of the airways with norepinephrine limited rewarming and attenuated the obstructive response [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocellular volume regulatory mechanisms and concentrative proline uptake are significantly impaired after cold preservation and rewarming, unlike alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and glutamine uptake [6].
• They showed little or no change in distribution and organization during observation, even though these microtubule structures appeared not to be stabilized by injected YL 1/2 since they were readily depolymerized by colcemid or cold treatment and repolymerized upon drug removal or rewarming to 37 degrees C, respectively [7].
• Both CBF and CMRO2 were significantly higher after rewarming to 37 degrees C in control versus APC animals (28 +/- 3 versus 14 +/- 2 mL/100 g per minute and 1.72 +/- 0.21 versus 1.04 +/- 0.14 mL O2/100 g per minute, respectively, P < .05) [8].
• Blood concentrations of FUT-175 and activated clotting time increased after cooling, peaking at 2050 +/- 1190 ng/mL and 2136 +/- 983 seconds at the lowest temperature and recovered after rewarming to values of 166 +/- 118 ng/mL and 510 +/- 148 seconds, respectively, at the end of CPB [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Rewarming

• Although no further propranolol was given during the procedure, Cp values (corrected for plasma volume dilution) were higher during hypothermia than in the preoperative period, falling to or below control levels after rewarming [10].
• Deep hypothermia and rewarming alters glutamate levels and glycogen content in cultured astrocytes [11].
• In contrast, arterioles subjected to TBI followed by normothermia or hypothermia and rapid rewarming showed impaired vasoreactivity in terms of their ACh-dependent and CO2 responses [12].
• Hypothermia after cardiopulmonary bypass in man: amelioration by nitroprusside-induced vasodilation during rewarming [13].
• High-dose amrinone is required to accelerate rewarming from deliberate mild intraoperative hypothermia for neurosurgical procedures [14].

Biological context of Rewarming

• In liver endothelial cells, cold-induced apoptosis occurring during rewarming after 24 hours of cold incubation in UW solution was far more pronounced than in cell culture medium (loss of viability: 81% +/- 5% vs. 28% +/- 13%), but viability could even be maintained for 2 weeks of cold incubation by use of deferoxamine [15].
• In eight healthy subjects, data were obtained from deep breaths taken before bretylium in the warm state, after general cooling to a finger skin temperature below 25 C and after rewarming to above 32 C. 2 [16].
• However, a fiber network at the inner surface of the cell membrane labeling for talin was stable at 4 degrees C. After rewarming, the rate of cell movement and phagocytosis immediately returned to normal [17].
• The administration of glucose did not rescue the mice under stress conditions, but rewarming alone consistently led to heart rate recovery [18].
• Likewise, phenylephrine increased the systemic vascular resistance by 52 +/- 6% and 34 +/- 4% during the middle of bypass and rewarming, respectively, without affecting the pressure gradient [19].

Anatomical context of Rewarming

• This inhibition was specific for the actions of LPS as stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by FMLP, human rTNF alpha, PMA, and rewarming were not altered by the disaccharide inhibitors [20].
• The uptake of D-xylose by isolated rat soleus muscle (measured at 37 degrees C) was stimulated by prolonged cooling at 0 degrees C. The effect of cooling reached a maximum value after 3 h and was reversed on rewarming; reversal was temperature-dependent [21].
• Effects of rewarming on nuclear factor-kappaB and interleukin 8 expression in cold-preserved alveolar epithelial cells [22].
• A negative transcoronary difference of interleukin 6 occurred during initial graft rewarming (-192+/-176 pg/ml) and a positive difference of interleukin 8 occurred after hepatic artery declamping (17+/-23 pg/ml, both P<0.05) [23].
• Erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations in hibernating, hypothermic, and rewarming hamsters (38589) [24].

Associations of Rewarming with chemical compounds

• However, if both interventions are combined (sodium-free + caffeine) during the cold exposure and rewarming, the relaxation is greatly slowed (t1/2 = 2,580 +/- 810 msec) [25].
• Incubation for 5-7 min at 37 degrees C caused irreversible loss of the platelets' ability to adhere to glass and to aggregate with ADP, epinephrine, A23187, vasopressin, or serotonin or upon rewarming after chilling and markedly reduced aggregation with collagen or thrombin [26].
• In Krebs-Henseleit buffer, viability was reduced after 2 and 3 days of storage (lactate dehydrogenase leakage on rewarming = 70% to 90%) [27].
• Additionally, concentrations of ATP and glutathione after rewarming and reoxygenation in the various resuspension media were measured [27].
• The addition of 3 mmol/L glycine to the rewarming medium prevents the loss of viability [28].

Gene context of Rewarming

• Addition of bile during either storage in UW solution or rewarming period induced increased steady-state MUC2, MUC3 and MUC5AC mRNA levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[29]
• The data indicate that HmUCP has the potential to function as an UCP and could play a thermogenic role during rewarming [30].
• In a model of cold preservation injury, curcumin pretreatment resulted in elevation of HO-1 throughout the cold storage and rewarming period, and was cytoprotective against oxidative injury [31].
• The ERK inhibitor, PD98059 (20 microM), present during storage and rewarming, caused modest improvement (3.66+/-0.75, n=9, <0.05) [32].
• The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB202190 (10 microM), when present during reperfusion, improved recovery (to 6.12+/-0.75, n=6, <0.05); it was ineffective if present only during rewarming (1.52+/-0.88, n=4) [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rewarming

• In both groups there was glycogen degradation during periods of cold preservation, anoxic rewarming, and after reperfusion with portal blood [33].
• Density gradient centrifugation indicated that the surplus ERGIC-53 accumulating in the ERGIC at 15 degreesC was rapidly transported to the ER upon rewarming [34].
• During the rewarming period, heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the AMR 15 group were significantly faster and lower, respectively, than in the control group [14].
• The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of a single 0.4-unit/kg dose of vasopressin on coronary perfusion pressure, defibrillation success, and 1-hr survival in a pig model of hypothermic closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation combined with rewarming [35].
• The influence of halothane, ether, carbon dioxide, and perfusion rewarming on the electrocardiogram was studied in 37 dogs subjected to surface-induced deep hypothermia [36].

References