Disease relevance of Thyroidectomy

• Since surgery results in rapid control of thyrotoxicosis and permits continued therapy with amiodarone, we suggest that near-total thyroidectomy warrants consideration as definitive treatment for resistant amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis [1].
• Hypothyroidism induced by thyroidectomy (Tx) enhanced GRF secretion approximately twofold while depleting pituitary GH by greater than 99% [2].
• To determine whether short-term thyroid hormone replacement prevents or merely delays temporary hypothyroidism after surgery for Graves' disease, serum T3, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and T4 were measured every 2 months for 18 months in two groups of Graves' disease patients who had had subtotal thyroidectomy [3].
• The growth rate of Morris Hepatoma No. 44 (generation time, 6 mo) was inhibited after the induction of hypothyroidism by Propylthiouracil (PTU) (0.1% in Purina Chow), I131 (1 mCi/100 g body wt i.p.), or surgical thyroidectomy [4].
• Measuring the calcitonin level allows early diagnosis of familial medullary cancer, whereas measuring the thyroglobulin level, although useful only after total thyroidectomy, allows early recognition of recurrence or metastases of papillary or follicular cancer [5].

High impact information on Thyroidectomy

• Total thyroidectomy is best avoided in most cases, considering the price of hypoparathyroidism and the lack of significant improvement in survival compared with lesser ablative techniques [6].
• The patients in group 1 were randomly assigned to treatment with methimazole for 18 months or subtotal thyroidectomy, and those in group 2 to either of these two treatments or to iodine-131 therapy [7].
• We assessed thyroid function for 12 months after subtotal thyroidectomy in 100 tyrotoxic patients treated with propranolol alone before and immediately after operation [8].
• Three standard management plans were considered: immediate subtotal thyroidectomy; a six month trial of thyroid suppression with L-thyroxine, with non-suppressible lesions being removed surgically; and aspiration cytology followed by surgery or thyroid suppression based on the cytologic examination [9].
• Nevertheless, serum TG determinations are useful for assessing the presence and possibly the extent of residual or recurrent nonmedullary thyroid cancer in patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thyroidectomy

• Hypothyroidism induced by methimazole (MMI, 0.04%), propylthiouracil (PTU 0.05%), and by thyroidectomy was confirmed by a significant elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels [11].
• Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed in 40 patients with thyrotoxicosis in whom propranolol alone was used as preparation for surgery [12].
• Hypothyroidism induced by surgical thyroidectomy does not influence the beta Ei response to isoproterenol, which remains sensitive to block by propranolol or suppression by dexamethasone [13].
• Serial measurements were performed in Munich-Wistar rats with five-sixths nephrectomy that had undergone prior selective thyroidectomy (Tx group) or thyroidectomy with thyroxine replacement (TxT4 group) to determine the effects of Tx on glomerular and tubular dynamics in relation to Tx attenuation of renal failure progression [14].
• It appears that hypothyroidism, induced either by thyroidectomy or by feeding thiouracil, slows the rate of depletion of hepatic B-12 which in turn facilitates the metabolism of methylmalonic acid and decreases its excretion in the urine [15].

Biological context of Thyroidectomy

• CONCLUSIONS: Total thyroidectomy in high-risk patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (containing follicular histology, vascular invasion, or extracapsular extension) showed no benefit over partial thyroidectomy [16].
• Rare mutations of codons 790/791 associated with incomplete penetrant MEN2A/FMTC phenotype were reported in five families, contraindicating the prophylactic thyroidectomy for the genetically affected children [17].
• To further investigate the relationship between calcitonin deficiency and osteoporosis, we have measured bone mineral content (BMC) by single photon absorptiometry in patients made iatrogenically calcitonin deficient by prior total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer [18].
• Increments in hepatic and renal G6P and PEPCK activities seen between 127-130 and 140-145 days of gestation (term, 145 +/- 2 days) were abolished when the normal prepartum rise in plasma triiodothyronine (T3), but not cortisol, was prevented by fetal thyroidectomy (TX) [19].
• Scatchard analysis showed that ovariectomy and thyroidectomy decreased the number of PRL binding sites in the liver as compared to those in intact controls or in ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rats treated with EB and T4 [20].

Anatomical context of Thyroidectomy

• Chemical thyroidectomy, produced by the administration of 6-(n-propyl)-2-thiouracil (PrSur), reduced plasma thyroxine below detection limits and significantly increased TRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus [21].
• There have been two cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism and one case of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and these occurred in patients who had less than total thyroidectomy [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Although preservation of parathyroid glands in situ is desirable, routine parathyroid autotransplantation during thyroidectomy virtually eliminates postoperative hypoparathyroidism [23].
• In particular, thyroidectomy decreases and thyroid hormone injections increase beta-adrenoceptor density on human lymphocytes [24].
• Furthermore, placement of such lesions had no effect on the endocrine-induced increases of TH activity found in the median eminence following gonadectomy and thyroidectomy, but did prevent the increase of TH activity found in the NPV, NDM, and MFB following thyroidectomy [25].

Associations of Thyroidectomy with chemical compounds

• Effects of thyroidectomy and triiodothyronine administration on rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase [26].
• Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) was measured in 274 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer; 266 had previous thyroidectomy, which had been followed by ablative iodine-131 in 183 cases [27].
• Thyroidectomy did not result in any changes in the rate of ethanol elimination [26].
• Thyroidectomy is effective and is the only measure that consistently allows continued use of amiodarone [28].
• Thyroidectomy caused a similar decrease in inositol-1-phosphate synthase in the liver but not in the reproductive organs [29].

Gene context of Thyroidectomy

• A significant correlation between numbers of Fos-like IR cells in the pPVN and plasma TSH concentration following thyroidectomy was also observed, suggesting that plasma levels of TSH correlate directly with the number of activated TRH-containing neurons located in the pPVN [30].
• To achieve these goals, we determined the frequency of occult PTC among patients operated for MTC (n = 82) or undergoing total thyroidectomy mainly for goiter and/or nodules (n = 7313) between 1994-2001 [31].
• Several weeks after thyroidectomy (T), female rats stopped growing, and their pituitary GH content had decreased to less than 2--3% of the values found for age-matched controls (C) [32].
• Initial treatment of MTC is total thyroidectomy, regardless of its genetic type or putative sporadic nature, because surgery offers the only chance for a cure [33].
• Quantitative measurement of thyroglobulin mRNA in peripheral blood of patients after total thyroidectomy [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thyroidectomy

• Hypophysectomy completely abolishes and thyroidectomy results in a 90% reduction in the hepatic content of alpha 2u-globulin and its mRNA in the male rat [35].
• Parathyroidectomy and subtotal thyroidectomy cured both the hyperparathyroidism and the thyrotoxicosis in each case [36].
• We now report the effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone treatment, and compare these with alterations due to thyroidectomy and T3 treatment [37].
• Nonspecific (131)I uptake may affect both the specificity and the accuracy of whole-body scanning (WBS) performed after (131)I administration in the follow-up of thyroid carcinoma after thyroidectomy [38].
• Hypophysectomy and castration or adrenalectomy and thyroidectomy of male rats did not reduce the feminizing capacity of hGH, indicating that the adrenals and the thyroid gland are not involved in the mediation of the feminizing effect of hGH [39].

References