Disease relevance of Fetal Viability

• These results indicate that distribution of APP is altered depending on tissue viabilities after cerebral ischemia [1].
• Can pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) predict the outcome of pregnancy in women with threatened abortion and confirmed fetal viability [2]?
• Cells of Escherichia coli were incubated in broth medium in the presence of 5 mM of hydroxylamine which completely inhibited growth but did not affect viabilities [3].

High impact information on Fetal Viability

• If the loss of such gene(s) affects fetal viability, their proximity to TDF would account for the underrepresentation of interchange 46,XY females compared with Y(+) XX males [4].
• Prolonged passaging in arabinofuranyl-guanosine, dideoxyinosine (ddI), dideoxyadenosine (ddA), didehydrothymidine (d4T), or phosphonoformic acid (foscarnet) did not cause reproducible telomere shortening or decreased cell growth rates or viabilities [5].
• Kupffer cells were more vulnerable, particularly to chenodeoxycholate (viabilities of 25% and 0% at concentrations of 100 mumol/L and 200 mumol/L, respectively) [6].
• This cell population equilibrated sharply at densities ranging between 1.07 and 1.08 g/ml, possessed a mean cell diameter in fixed-cell smears of 13.6 micron, and showed viabilities of greater than 95% as judged by trypan blue dye exclusion [7].
• Viabilities of steroid-treated and untreated cultures were similar [8].

Biological context of Fetal Viability

• The phenotypes of these mutants, including sterol profiles, aerobic viabilities, antifungal susceptibilities, and generation times, were studied [9].
• These findings indicate that the detrimental influence of embryo culture on fetal viability and growth may be largely mediated through altered placental morphogenesis and can be alleviated by GM-CSF [10].
• Moreover, low-dose PDT significantly down-regulated the major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory (B7) molecules (60-90% reduction) on LC, but not LC-specific endocytic receptor (DEC-205), CD45, intercellulr adhesion molecule 1, LC viabilities, and ectophosphatase activity on LC [11].
• To address the inconsistency between its in vivo and in vitro actions, the effect of 4-methylcatechol on the viabilities of murine tumor cells was examined, and 4-methylcatechol was shown to reduce their viabilities through the induction of apoptosis [12].
• Compared with 0.5 mM glucose, treatment with 0.25 mM fructose gave similar implantation and fetal viability, whereas 5.0 mM glucose tended to decrease implantation and significantly decreased fetal development [13].

Anatomical context of Fetal Viability

• Measurement of E1C in both urine and feces was most useful for early pregnancy diagnosis, while E3 was of value in confirming pregnancy and assessing fetal viability [14].
• The viabilities of the type II alveolar epithelial cells isolated by this method range from 85% to 95%, and the ultrastructural features of the sorted cells were unaltered by AO labeling or sorting [15].
• High hepatocyte viabilities (91.8+/-1.6% p = 0.036) and yields (2.56+/-0.48 x 10(10)) were achieved consistently, and P450IA1 activity was increased after sodium and chloride concentrations and pH in the perfusates were controlled [16].
• Hybridoma cultures treated with DMSO up to 0.3% (v/v) possessed cell densities and viabilities comparable to untreated control [17].
• The effects of latent iron deficiency combined with parenteral subchronic or acute cadmium exposure during pregnancy on maternal and fetal tissue distribution of cadmium, iron and zinc, and on fetal viability were evaluated [18].

Associations of Fetal Viability with chemical compounds

• These data provide evidence that estradiol and cortisol are useful markers of placental and fetal viability in the common marmoset, and their reduced concentration following energy restriction suggests that restriction is not acting as a classical stressor by increasing cortisol and, subsequently, estradiol concentration [19].
• On the other hand, the viabilities of H. pylori, MKN-28 cells, and MKN-45 cells were not affected by rebamipide [20].
• Viabilities of cells exposed to H. pylori for 2, 24, and 48 h, assessed by incorporation of neutral red dye, were 60, 27, and 16%, respectively; however, the viabilities of cells exposed to both H. pylori and acetohydroxamic acid were 92, 46, and 20% after 2, 24, and 48 h, respectively, (P less than 0.001) [21].
• This conclusion was based on the reduced viabilities of cells treated with both an eliciting agent and an activating agent prior to in vitro treatment with anti-asGM1 + C, as well as by reductions in cytolytic activity of pM phi elicited with peptone and activated by MVE-2, following anti-asGM1 treatment in vitro or administration in vivo [22].
• Selective killing of embryos in the uterine horn of the ovariectomized side did not exert any influence on the fetal viability in the untreated horn ( nonovariectomized side) and the peripheral progesterone level also remained statistically unaffected [23].

Gene context of Fetal Viability

• This inhibitory effect was not due to a cytotoxic effect of IL-4, since the viabilities of human mononuclear cells were comparable in the presence and absence of IL-4 [24].
• Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC 1) is thought to have immunomodulatory actions favouring fetal viability [25].
• Recent studies have disclosed variable effects of IL-10 on viabilities of human B lineage cells [26].
• In further exploring the functional significance of vault expression, it was found that supplementing DC cultures with polyclonal or mAbs against the major vault protein led to lower viabilities of LPS- or TNF-alpha-matured monocytes-DC [27].
• The osteopetrotic mouse, which represents a natural "knockout" of the CSF-1 gene, exhibits a low rate of fetal implantation and poor fetal viability [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fetal Viability

• Injecting 2 mg progesterone plus 200 ng oestradiol benzoate daily gave progesterone values between 13.2 +/- 4.6 and 19.0 +/- 6.2 ng/ml and could not maintain fetal viability to Day 19 (14.2%, P less than 0.05 compared with control group) [29].
• CONCLUSIONS: Results of the research on cadmium-induced steroidogenic effects using cultures of whole rat ovary and/or placenta as well as human placental tissues point to cadmium as an endocrine disruptor that may compromise pregnancy outcome and fetal viability [30].

References