Disease relevance of Callithrix

• EBV from both the human and marmoset cell lines accelerated the decay of the alternative pathway C3 convertase [1].
• A marmoset CD4 variant, in which residues 48 and 59 were altered to the amino acids found in human CD4, supported HIV-1 entry efficiently [2].
• In the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus, a unique demyelinating form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis resembling MS can be induced by immunization with whole myelin [3].
• Oncogenicity in marmosets of HL-23V, a type C oncornavirus isolated from human leukemic cells, and comparison with simian sarcoma virus type 1 (SSV-1/SSAV-1) [4].
• Cell cultures established from a marmoset fibroma produced transforming and nontransforming virus biologically and antigenically indistinguishable from HL-23V and SSV-1/SSAV-1 [4].

Psychiatry related information on Callithrix

• A comparison was made of the effects of experimental intracerebral inoculation into marmosets of brain homogenates from a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and from a member of the Wo. family with cerebral amyloid and spongiform encephalopathy--the Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome [5].
• The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists also have an anxiolytic profile in the social interaction test in the rat, the light/dark exploration test in the mouse, the marmoset human threat test and behavioral observations in the cynomolgus monkey [6].
• The ability of selective D-1 agonist and antagonist drugs to alter motor deficits and locomotor activity was studied in MPTP-treated common marmosets [7].
• Effects of ibotenic acid lesions of the basal forebrain on serial reversal learning in marmosets [8].
• An involvement of acetylcholine in object discrimination learning and memory in the marmoset [9].

High impact information on Callithrix

• The CXCR4 molecules of both marmosets and squirrel monkeys supported HIV-1 infection, but the CCR5 proteins of both species were only marginally functional [2].
• In addition, CR1 could not be detected immunologically on marmoset or human EBV-expressing cells and mAbs to CR1 failed to alter EBV-produced decay acceleration and factor I cofactor activities, although the antibodies blocked the same CR1-dependent functional activities [1].
• No gross alterations exist in viral DNA from C15 relative to other human isolates and the large deletion present in the B95-8 'prototype' viral strain established in marmoset cells is not found; C15 contains no linear virion DNA [10].
• The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World monkey species with a limited MHC class II repertoire, is highly susceptible to certain bacterial infections [11].
• We used a high-titer recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector to express WT or mutant human alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra of adult marmosets [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Callithrix

• After 1-4 months with low blood pressure, a normal urinary output, and a normal plasma creatinine, the five marmosets became sick and died within one month [13].
• Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the deoxythymidine kinases of herpes simplex (HSV) and of marmoset herpes viruses (MHV) suggests a divergence time of 8 to 10 million years ago for HSV-1 and -2 [14].
• The effects of phosphonoacetic acid on cell growth, expression of Epstein-Barr virus antigens, and virus production in human and marmoset lymphoblastoid cell lines have been studied [15].
• In this study, marmosets developed features typical of Parkinson's disease following treatment with MPTP for four days [16].
• Neuropeptides and dopamine in the marmoset. Effect of treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): an animal model for Parkinson's disease [16]?

Biological context of Callithrix

• Although the nucleotide sequence of the single marmoset gene (mEDN) was equally homologous (82%) to both human genes, the encoded amino acid sequence, calculated isoelectric point, and immunoreactivity all suggested a closer relationship with EDN [17].
• Bosentan but not gum alone significantly lowered blood pressure in the cyclosporine-hypertensive rats from 134 +/- l to 122 +/- 3 mm Hg (P<.Ol) and in the cyclosporine-hypertensive marmosets from 156 +/- 2 to 139+/- 4 mm Hg (P<.Ol) [18].
• The temporal pattern of PRL receptor gene expression in the marmoset uterus across the cycle was further confirmed by ribonuclease protection assay [19].
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist for postpartum contraception: outcome for the mother and male offspring in the marmoset [20].
• Pharmacokinetics of catechol cephalosporins. The effect of incorporating substituents into the catechol moiety on pharmacokinetics in a marmoset model [21].

Anatomical context of Callithrix

• In contrast, in the marmoset monkey, an animal lacking DAZ, DAZL1 protein was only expressed in late spermatocytes and early spermatids [22].
• Somatostatin concentrations within the frontal cortex and hippocampus were significantly elevated in the marmosets treated with MPTP [16].
• Prevention of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) using a chimeric antagonist monoclonal antibody against human CD40 is associated with altered B cell responses [23].
• Activated normal marmoset T cells (OH-1) were totally dependent on the addition of TCGF for long-term proliferation [24].
• 5-HT3 receptor antagonists GR38032F, zacopride, ICS 205-930 and other agents are very potent in reducing mesolimbic dopamine hyperactivity caused by the injection of amphetamine or infusion of dopamine into the rat nucleus accumbens and amygdala, and the ventral striatum of the marmoset [6].

Associations of Callithrix with chemical compounds

• We evaluated rolipram, a type IV phosphodiesterase inhibitor, for its efficacy in preventing EAE in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus [25].
• Oral administration of KW-6002 reversed motor disability in MPTP-treated common marmosets in a dose-dependent manner [26].
• Marmosets maintained on a high fat/high cholesterol diet exhibited 3-fold increase in ETBR mRNA levels with little change in ETAR mRNA levels [27].
• Canine chylomicrons, labeled in vivo with [14C]cholesterol and [3H] retinol, were injected into marmosets (a small, New World primate), rats, guinea pigs, and dogs [28].
• In marmosets, a species with a lipoprotein profile similar to that of man, squalestatin 1 lowers serum cholesterol by up to 75% [29].

Gene context of Callithrix

• Autoradiographic analysis of the binding of [125I]Tyr-ovine CRH to frozen pituitary sections revealed CRH receptors in the intermediate and anterior lobes of human, marmoset, and cynomolgus monkey pituitaries [30].
• Treatment of marmoset monkey with TCDD results in increased CYP1A2 levels (4-fold), accompanied by proportional increases in the activation of MeIQx and IQ and phenacetin O-deethylase, EROD and MROD activities [31].
• These data suggest that, due to its outbred condition, the C. jacchus marmoset mounts a diverse pathogenic response to MBP [32].
• Nevertheless, brief amino acid motifs are shared among marmoset clones and CDR3 sequences from MS samples [32].
• Angiogenesis in the corpus luteum of early pregnancy in the marmoset and the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor immunoneutralization on establishment of pregnancy [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Callithrix

• Active immunization against renin in normotensive marmoset [13].
• Site-directed mutagenesis indicated that glutamic acid to lysine substitution at position 530 of the hemagglutinin was required for the adaptation to the usage of marmoset SLAM [34].
• No deficits were shown on general mobility, and self-care was promptly resumed in ET-1 marmosets after surgery [35].
• HPLC analysis revealed similar 17alpha-hydroxylase action on pregnenolone for adult marmoset and rhesus adrenal microsomes but greatly diminished 17,20-lyase activity in marmosets [36].
• Complementary DNA of marmoset CYP1A2 was isolated by means of screening the cDNA library and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [37].

References