Disease relevance of hydroxylamine

• The gene pheV from Escherichia coli, coding for tRNAPhe and carried on a plasmid, has been mutagenised with hydroxylamine [1].
• Diagnosis of sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions by in-vitro "rechallenge" with hydroxylamine metabolites [2].
• In our initial screen of approximately 3 X 10(4) plaques from a T4 phage stock mutagenized with hydroxylamine, greater than 30 mutants that produce lysozyme activity resistant to high temperature incubation were found [3].
• From recent research it has become clear that at least two different possibilities for anaerobic ammonium oxidation exist in nature. 'Aerobic' ammonium oxidizers like Nitrosomonas eutropha were observed to reduce nitrite or nitrogen dioxide with hydroxylamine or ammonium as electron donor under anoxic conditions [4].
• A structural gene of kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase cloned into a single-stranded bacteriophage M13 was subjected to mutagenesis with hydroxylamine [5].

Psychiatry related information on hydroxylamine

• To explore the relationship between beta-amyloid (A beta) and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD), after injection of beta-amyloid into the rat brain, the apoptosis of nerve cells and acetylcholine (Ach) content in rat hippocampus were examined by employing TUNEL technique and base hydroxylamine colorimetry respectively [6].
• Differences in rates of production of hydroxylamine metabolites of the drugs by cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9), myeloperoxidase, and thyroid, roxidase, along with an inherited abnormality in detoxification of the hydroxylamines are critically important in determining individual differences in adverse reaction risk [7].

High impact information on hydroxylamine

• The structure reveals that the caspase is inhibited in the active site through a covalent thioester linkage to p35, which we confirmed by gel electrophoresis, hydroxylamine treatment and mass spectrometry experiments [8].
• Here we show that a novel cytoprotective hydroxylamine derivative, [2-hydroxy-3-(1-piperidinyl) propoxy]-3-pyridinecarboximidoil-chloride maleate, Bimoclomol, facilitates the formation of chaperone molecules in eukaryotic cells by inducing or amplifying expression of heat-shock genes [9].
• Nineteen independently isolated adr1 mutations induced by hydroxylamine were found at nine different amino-acid positions, seven of which are in the two finger domains [10].
• The resistance of the acyl fatty acid moiety to hydrolysis by hydroxylamine suggested that the covalent linkage to the 36-kD protein may be through an amide linkage [11].
• By mutagenizing plasmid DNA in vitro with hydroxylamine and applying this phenotypic screen, we have isolated five distinct single amino acid substitution mutants, each of which shows a biochemical phenotype, that is, greater than or equal to 90% reduction in specific DNA relaxing activity of the mutant protein relative to wild type [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of hydroxylamine

• A mutation affording low levels of erythromycin resistance has been obtained by in vitro hydroxylamine mutagenesis of a cloned ribosomal RNA operon from Escherichia coli [13].
• Large fragments generated by acid, and cyanogen bromide and hydroxylamine cleavage, and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion were subjected to automated sequencing [14].
• Histidine decarboxylase of Lactobacillus 30a. Hydroxylamine cleavage of the -seryl-seryl- bond at the activation site of prohistidine decarboxylase [15].
• Hydroxylamine assimilation by Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1. requirement of the hcp gene (hybrid cluster protein) located in the nitrate assimilation nas gene region for hydroxylamine reduction [16].
• The fragments were products of limited trypsin digestion at arginine, cleavage at tryptophan by BrNps-skatole and o-iodosobenzoic acid, digestion with the protease from Staphylococcus aureus V8 at Glu-X bonds, cleavage by hydroxylamine at Asn-Gly bonds, and subdigestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and the Staphylococcus protease [17].

Biological context of hydroxylamine

• After hydroxylamine treatment of plasmid DNA in vitro, two different mutations have been isolated each of which inactivates the second operator, O2 [18].
• When VPS1 was treated with hydroxylamine, half of all mutations isolated were found to be dominant negative with respect to vacuolar protein sorting [19].
• Following mutagenesis of the infectious Ob cDNA clone with hydroxylamine, populations of transcripts from the mutagenized DNA were inoculated onto Xanthi NN tobacco, and a variant that induced the HR was identified [20].
• Rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation kinetics of acyl phosphate bonding were confirmed by destabilization of the phosphoprotein by either hydroxylamine or high pH [21].
• The complete amino acid sequence of the prostate-specific antigen (PA) from human seminal plasma has been determined from analyses of the peptides generated by cyanogen bromide, hydroxylamine, endoproteinases Arg-C and Lys-C [22].

Anatomical context of hydroxylamine

• In further work we showed that, unlike wild-type microsomes, microsomes from these cells are unable to support C-terminal interaction of proproteins with the small nucleophiles hydrazine or hydroxylamine, and that the cells thus are defective in transamidation [23].
• This post-translational modification is hydroxylamine resistant and may be responsible for the assembly and transport of membrane immunoglobulin to the cell surface in B cells [24].
• Bonds exhibiting differences in hydroxylamine-stability were found in membranes from various non-intoxicated mammalian cells following incubation with [32P]NAD, which may reflect the presence of endogenous NAD:protein-ADP-ribosyl-transferases [25].
• Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) modification of isoform E nearly abolishes its cytoplasmic membrane binding capacity, and this effect can be reversed by hydroxylamine [26].
• Amplified alpha 1(II) cDNA from fibroblasts and lymphoblastoid cells of a child with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita was also used to localize sequence mismatches using chemical modification of cDNA:cDNA heteroduplexes by hydroxylamine and cleavage with piperidine [27].

Associations of hydroxylamine with other chemical compounds

• Myristate appears to be added to 43K protein cotranslationally and cannot be released from it by prolonged incubation in SDS, 2-mercaptoethanol, or hydroxylamine (pH 7.0 or 10.0), characteristics consistent with amino terminal myristoylation [28].
• In N. europaea, ammonia is converted to hydroxylamine, which is then oxidized to nitrite by hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) [29].
• In rabbits, absorption was markedly potentiated by hydroxylamine hydrochloride and electrical stimulation at the injection site [30].
• The studies with hydroxylamine and methylamine showed that both of these ammonium analogs inhibited ANR activity in soil and that this inhibition was dependent upon glutamine synthetase activity [31].
• The thiol ester linking palmitoleic acid to the polypeptide chain was shown to be sensitive to hydrolysis by hydroxylamine and also by the widely used serine-protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride [32].

Gene context of hydroxylamine

• By hydroxylamine mutagenesis, we have identified a rad1 mutant allele whose encoded protein fails to complex with RAD10 [33].
• A plasmid carrying RPA190, the gene encoding the largest subunit of the enzyme, was subjected to in vitro mutagenesis with hydroxylamine [34].
• Deacylation of H"F" alpha 2M with hydroxylamine partially restored the binding capacity of H"F" alpha 2M further supporting the involvement of histidyl residues in the Zn2(+)-dependent binding of IL-1 beta [35].
• ApoA-I was treated by cyanogen bromide or hydroxylamine; the resulting fragments, separated by electrophoresis or gel filtration, were tested by Western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for their ability to bind Hpt [36].
• AF was extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A1 and 1A2 to several metabolites, one of which was identified by mass spectrometry as a potentially reactive hydroxylamine [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of hydroxylamine

• However, after treatment of conditioned medium with 1 M hydroxylamine in the presence of 0.1% NaDodSO4, the Mr of the anti-tPA immunoprecipitable material declined by 40,000 to Mr 60,000, a Mr consistent with that of other human tPAs [38].
• A combination of visible absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopies reveals the formation of a catalytically competent state of oxidized cd1 with 'switched' axial ligands immediately after complete reoxidation of reduced cd1 with hydroxylamine [39].
• Site-directed mutagenesis of regions within a plasmid-borne yeast TOP2 gene encoding DNA topoisomerase II and hydroxylamine mutagenesis of the entire plasmid were carried out, and the mutagenized plasmid DNA pools were used separately to transform yeast with a temperature-sensitive top2-4 mutation in the chromosomal TOP2 locus [40].
• This has been achieved by the sequence analysis of subnanomole amounts of the intact molecule and that of peptides derived by enzymatic digestion with endoproteinase Arg-C and by chemical cleavage with hydroxylamine [41].
• The carboxyl-terminal Mr = 5982 peptide of diphtheria toxin was prepared by specific cleavage of the toxin with hydroxylamine and purified by fast performance liquid chromatography [42].

References