Disease relevance of Adjustment Disorders

• Migraine, insomnia, reactive depression due to brain serotonin deficiency [1].
• METHOD: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 35 female outpatients with breast cancer and DSM-III-R major depression or adjustment disorder with depressed mood were randomly assigned to treatment with paroxetine (N=13), desipramine (N=11), or placebo (N=11) for 6 weeks [2].
• BACKGROUND: There is a lack of specific emotional treatment in patients with adjustment disorder (AD) with depressed mood (DSM-IV-TR: 309.0) as a consequence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (ICD 10: 410.0-9), which renders treatment even more difficult [3].

Psychiatry related information on Adjustment Disorders

• In the context of a prospective, longitudinal, and controlled nosologic study, the characteristics and diagnostic validity of major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and adjustment disorder with depressed mood were examined in a school-aged cohort [4].
• As part of a longitudinal nosologic study of major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymic disorder (DD), and adjustment disorder with depressed mood (ADDM) in a school-age cohort, we examined the prevalence and clinical consequences of comorbid anxiety disorders [5].
• Although conduct disorder, ADHD, and substance use disorders were more prevalent among boys, the rates for major depression, social phobia, specific phobia, and adjustment disorder were higher among girls [6].
• There was significantly more improvement among the patients with reactive depression treated with nomifensine and among the patients with endogenous depression treated with amitriptyline, as assessed by the Plutchik Geriatric Rating Scale [7].
• Environmental stressors, inadequate parenting skills, and other diagnoses such as oppositional defiant, posttraumatic stress, or adjustment disorders can mimic ADHD [8].

High impact information on Adjustment Disorders

• Eligible patients had a mean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of 18.6 (SD, 5.5) and a mean Children's Global Assessment Scale score of 52.6 (SD, 5.5) and met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder, dysthymia, depression disorder not otherwise specified, or adjustment disorder with depressed mood [9].
• We therefore assessed the potential of immunochemotherapy with a core combination of steroids and etoposide to control EBV-HLH in 17 infants and children who met stringent diagnostic criteria for this reactive disorder of the mononuclear phagocyte system [10].
• Nonsignificant trends suggested that dextroamphetamine was more effective for major depression than adjustment disorder, while methylphenidate tended to be more effective for adjustment disorder [11].
• Since moclobemide has few side-effects it may be uniquely well tolerated in this group of patients, having proven efficacy for both endogenous and reactive depressions [12].
• The measurement of post-dexamethasone 11-deoxycortisol and the ratio did not differentiate between endogenous and reactive depression [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Adjustment Disorders

• It was thought that such 'labelling' effects might be important in ambiguous situations, such as neurotic anxiety-depressive states, where diagnoses of 'reactive depression' or 'anxiety state' might justifiably be made and treatment with either diazepam or nortriptyline legitimately given [14].
• The GH response to clonidine in endogenous as compared with reactive depression [15].
• The reactive depression subgroup's mean platelet MAO activity was not significantly different from that of the controls [16].
• Depression in alcoholics may be of neurotic type or it may be ethanol-induced reactive depression [17].
• Paracetamol intoxication was the most common method of suicide attempt in patients with adjustment disorders [18].

Biological context of Adjustment Disorders

• Efficacy of etifoxine compared to lorazepam monotherapy in the treatment of patients with adjustment disorders with anxiety: a double-blind controlled study in general practice [19].

Anatomical context of Adjustment Disorders

• Neuropsychological functioning and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of an endogenous neurotoxin, quinolinic acid (QUIN) were evaluated in 52 HIV-positive individuals (71% without constitutional symptoms) and 33 HIV-seronegative controls (including 15 psychiatric patients with adjustment disorders) [20].
• Difficulties in screening for adjustment disorder, Part I: Use of existing screening instruments in cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation [21].
• The etiology of LCH remains unknown, although the evidence indicates that it is a clonal proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells, it has also been characterized as reactive disorder, neoplastic process and a berrant immune response [22].
• Depressive and adjustment disorders were the most often diagnosed psychiatric illnesses.The most common medical diagnoses were epilepsy, drug overdose, ambiguous genitalia, orthopaedic injuries and diabetes mellitus.Young people with these medical problems are in real need of psychological assessment and intervention [23].
• In reactive disorders, a population of activated neutrophils with high CD45 and CD18 expression was detected [24].

Gene context of Adjustment Disorders

• Development of an Impact Thermometer for use in combination with the Distress Thermometer as a brief screening tool for adjustment disorders and/or major depression in cancer patients [25].
• In more than 400 patients suffering from generalized anxiety or adjustment disorders with anxious mood, six double-blind studies run against placebo or reference drug over a period of two to three weeks indicated an anxiolytic effect superior (P less than 0.01) to that of placebo and comparable to that of reference drugs (DZ, LZP, CZP) [26].
• The anniversary reaction: a meeting of Freud and Pavlov [27].
• Major depressive episode (MDE) patients, as defined by the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, performed less well than patients with Adjustment Disorder with Depressive Mood [28].
• DSM-III-R criteria applied in the evaluation of 88 systemic lupus erythematosus patients revealed a point prevalence rate of 18.2% for psychiatric disorders, the most common diagnosis being adjustment disorder (11.4%) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Adjustment Disorders

• Staff were given a one-hour in-service on the use of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)-a brief diagnostic interview-to provide a differential diagnosis (no psychiatric diagnosis, major depressive disorder, or adjustment disorder with depressed mood) [30].

References