Disease relevance of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• PATIENTS: Eighty-one outpatients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for major depressive disorder and with documented ischemic heart disease [1].
• Twelve patients with DSM-III diagnoses of panic disorder and four normal volunteers were studied during hyperventilation of room air and increased ventilation stimulated by 5% CO2 [2].
• METHODS: All probands met modified DSM-IV criteria for AN; all affected first, second, and third degree relatives met DSM-IV criteria for AN, bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (NOS) [3].
• METHOD: This 12-month, randomized, investigator-blinded study compared the efficacy of quetiapine (N = 22) and haloperidol (N = 23) in treating patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and established tardive dyskinesia [4].
• METHOD: Twenty female patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia who were taking risperidone and were suffering from menstrual disturbances, galactorrhea, and/or sexual dysfunction were enrolled [5].

Psychiatry related information on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• The purpose of this study was to assess volunteers who reported problems with their use of caffeine for evidence suggesting a diagnosis of caffeine dependence based on the generic criteria for substance dependence from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) [6].
• The DSM-III diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder demonstrated 90% diagnostic efficiency in predicting response/nonresponse during treatment with lithium carbonate alone [7].
• Twenty-five Israeli combat veterans fulfilling DSM-III criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) participated in an open, prospective trial of phenelzine sulfate administration (median daily dose, 60 mg; range, 30 to 90 mg); three patients withdrew early due to side effects [8].
• To assess the pharmacologic and phenomenologic comparability of lactate-induced and naturally occurring panic attacks, patients meeting DSM-III criteria for panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks were infused with 0.5M racemic sodium lactate before and after successful drug treatment [9].
• One hundred ninety cases of lithium carbonate use in children and adolescents are reviewed and divided by the authors according to DSM-II criteria into major affective disorders, behavior disorders of childhood and adolescence, and schizophrenia, childhood type [10].

High impact information on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• 41 (33%) of 123 patients with acute psychiatric disorders (DSM III diagnosis of major depression or schizophrenia) had borderline or definite folate deficiency (red-cell folate below 200 micrograms/l) and took part in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of methylfolate, 15 mg daily, for 6 months in addition to standard psychotropic treatment [11].
• Fourteen patients with a history of mania satisfying DSM-III criteria were entered into a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial, spending four weeks on each of lithium and placebo [12].
• PARTICIPANTS: White persons from the United Kingdom meeting criteria for DSM-IV schizophrenia (n = 709) or bipolar I disorder (n = 706) and 1416 ethnically matched controls [13].
• Using continuous ratings of hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms as a diagnostic qualifier should be considered as an alternative to classifying nominal subtypes of ADHD in DSM-V [14].
• OBJECTIVES: To present national data on the co-occurrence of current DSM-IV nicotine dependence and other psychiatric disorders by sex and to estimate the burden of all US tobacco consumption carried by nicotine-dependent and psychiatrically ill individuals [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• The co-occurrence of DSM-IV alcohol abuse in DSM-IV alcohol dependence: results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions on heterogeneity that differ by population subgroup [16].
• Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who met DSM-III criteria and who had been ill for at least one year were studied in a double-blind, randomized, crossover comparison of the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine hydrochloride and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor clorgyline hydrochloride [17].
• RESULTS: Reduced prolactin responses to the 5-HT releasing/uptake inhibiting agent fenfluramine was associated with an elevated morbid risk of impulsive personality disorder traits in the first-degree relatives of patients with a primary DSM-III diagnosis of a personality disorder [18].
• METHODS: We used CSF (AVP), CSF 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and the prolactin response to d-fenfluramine challenge (PRL[d-FEN]) as central indices of vasopressin and serotonergic system function, respectively, in 26 subjects who met the DSM-IV criteria for personality disorder [19].
• Seventy-four patients who met DSM-III criteria for social phobia completed 8 weeks of double-blind, randomly assigned treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine sulfate, the cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker atenolol, or placebo [20].

Biological context of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• In 1973 homosexuality per se was removed from the DSM-II classification of mental disorders and replaced by the category Sexual Orientation Disturbance [21].
• Genotype assay development and genotyping of nine SNPs (four at HTR1D and five at OPRD1) was performed on 191 unrelated individuals fulfilling DSM-IV criteria (w/o amenorrhea criterion) for AN, 442 relatives of AN probands and 98 psychiatrically screened controls [22].
• Relationships between clinical ratings and cortical evoked potentials were examined before and during antidepressant drug treatment in 32 patients with major depressive disorder (DSM-III) [23].
• The authors used items of the DSM-IV and of the Heaviness of Smoking Index to characterize the nicotine dependence phenotype and to identify salient symptoms in a genetically informative community sample of Australian young adult female and male twins [24].
• We used a progressive strategy with two different approaches (case-control and transmission disequilibrium test) and investigated six genetic polymorphisms spanning the DRD2 gene in 103 patients with DSM-IV criteria of schizophrenia, their 206 parents and 83 matched healthy control subjects [25].

Anatomical context of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• METHODS: Morning and evening thyroid function was evaluated in 30 euthyroid inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive episode, by determination of free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin levels before and after 8 AM and 11 PM protirelin challenges (200 micrograms intravenously), on the same day [26].
• In vitro and in vivo red blood cell (RBC) lithium (Li+) intracellular/extracellular ratios were determined in 93 DSM-III schizophrenics (SCZ) in 47 DSM-III schizophreniform disorder patients (SF), in 22 DSM-III bipolar manics (M), in 15 affective disorders patients with mood-incongruent psychotic features (AD-MIP), and in 40 normal controls [27].
• Cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (CSF BLI) was determined for 69 patients who met DSM-III criteria for delirium and for 8 controls [28].
• In a systematic prospective study of 71 patients with acute spinal cord injury carried out in the acute and rehabilitation phases of treatment, 14 patients meeting the DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder were identified [29].
• METHOD: Fifty-five patients who met DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with melancholic features were examined with 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging, and CSF volumes were measured for global brain CSF and for lateral ventricles and left and right sylvian fissure regions [30].

Associations of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders with chemical compounds

• METHODS: A sample of 250 inpatients with DSM-IV cocaine, heroin, and/or alcohol dependence were followed up at 6, 12, and 18 months [31].
• BACKGROUND: No information is available on the co-occurrence of DSM-IV nicotine dependence and Axis I and II psychiatric disorders in the US population [15].
• Eighty newly admitted or readmitted men with DSM-III schizophrenia were assigned to receive 5, 10, or 20 mg/d of haloperidol for 4 weeks [32].
• For the DSM-III composite diagnosis of Alcohol Abuse and/or Dependence, statistically significant MZ/DZ differences in concordance were found with male, but not female, twins [33].
• As with alcohol, differences in MZ/DZ concordance were found for DSM-III composite diagnoses of Other Substance Abuse and/or Dependence with male, but not female, twins [33].

Gene context of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• Of the 171 parents, 56 (33%) had a lifetime history of ADHD, with 28 (50%) continuing to meet DSM-IV criteria (i.e., "persistent" ADHD) [34].
• In a previous report, we identified several heterozygous alterations, including a complete deletion, of the proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) gene, which were associated with moderate hyperprolinemia in a subset of DSM III schizophrenic patients [35].
• The production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 was measured in equal numbers (n = 29) of patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV) and controls who were matched for age and gender [36].
• Thirty patients with unipolar major depressive episodes (DSM IV) who had not responded to an adequate trial with an antidepressant were assessed on the day before lithium augmentation (baseline) with the DEX/CRH test (pretreatment with 1.5 mg dexamethasone p.o. at 11 P.M. and CRH stimulation at 3 P.M. on the next day) [37].
• Adult Caucasian non-smokers (n = 224) (1-99 cigarettes/lifetime) and smokers (n = 375) (> or = 100 cigarettes/lifetime) were assessed for demographics, tobacco/drug use history and DSM-IV dependence and genotyped for CYP2A6 alleles associated with decreased nicotine metabolism (CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*4, CYP2A6*9, CYP2A6*12) [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

• METHODS: After a 2-week run-in period, 60 obese outpatients (body mass index [calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] 30-45), who met DSM-IV criteria for BED were randomly assigned to receive sibutramine hydrochloride (n = 30), 15 mg/d, or placebo (n = 30) in a 12-week double-blind study at 2 centers [39].
• Six-month and lifetime rates of DSM-III major depressive disorder (MDD) and characteristics of the disorder were compared in mothers of children with disabilities (chronic stress sample, n = 310) and in a geographically based probability sample (controls, n = 357) [40].
• Subjects underwent comprehensive evaluations of depression, including the presence and severity of MDD using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores before and after treatment [41].
• METHOD: Twenty-one patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia receiving neuroleptic medication were given oral glucose tolerance tests involving serial glucose and insulin levels [42].
• METHODS: Twenty patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were entered into a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study using a single 200 mg dose of modafinil [43].

References