Disease relevance of Conduct Disorder

• RESULTS: Fewer Black and South Asian male prisoners reported childhood traumas and conduct disorder, and fewer Black prisoners experienced stressful prison experiences, than White prisoners [1].
• These results suggest that TS, ADHD, stuttering oppositional defiant and conduct disorder, and other behaviors associated with TS, are polygenic, due in part to these three dopaminergic genes, and that the genetics of other polygenic psychiatric disorders may be deciphered using this technique [2].
• Further, comorbidity of ADHD with conduct disorder (CD) and tic disorder (Tic) is quite common but not yet fully understood [3].

Psychiatry related information on Conduct Disorder

• Compared with controls, both the children with MDD and those with anxiety went on to have increased risk of substance abuse and conduct disorder but not other disorders, increased use of longterm psychiatric and medical services, and overall impaired functioning [4].
• ADHD was associated with greater disruptive behavior, substance use, and mood and anxiety disorders and with earlier onset of major depression, dysthymia, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder [5].
• RESULTS: For conduct disorder, ADHD, major depression, and anxiety disorders, the results indicated that the predominant predictor of specific mental disorders in offspring was a history of the corresponding disorders in both parents [6].
• Research findings suggest a major role for substance use in the etiology and prognosis of psychiatric disorders such as affective disorders, conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety disorders [7].
• RESULTS: The reevaluation showed that 8 of the 12 youngsters clearly satisfied DSM-III-R criteria for bipolar disorder, which had been misdiagnosed mainly as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder [8].

High impact information on Conduct Disorder

• RESULTS: There was a main effect of adversity but not of monoamine oxidase A on risk for conduct disorder [9].
• Significantly increased risk was observed in women reporting a history of CSA for subsequently occurring major depression, suicide attempt, conduct disorder, alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, social anxiety, rape after the age of 18 years, and divorce; most similar risks reached statistical significance in men [10].
• Decreased cortisol levels in adolescent girls with conduct disorder [11].
• A double-blind placebo-controlled study of lithium in hospitalized aggressive children and adolescents with conduct disorder [12].
• Clinical efficacy of methylphenidate in conduct disorder with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Conduct Disorder

• Behavioral efficacy of haloperidol and lithium carbonate. A comparison in hospitalized aggressive children with conduct disorder [14].
• The authors compared plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO), whole blood serotonin, and RBC catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) in 25 children with conduct disorder and 20 control children [15].
• Two dopamine genes related to reports of childhood retrospective inattention and conduct disorder symptoms [16].
• METHODS: Plasma levels of testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were measured in 15 boys with a conduct disorder (CD) and 25 normal control (NC) boys [17].
• Serum cholesterol in aggressive conduct disorder: a preliminary study [18].

Biological context of Conduct Disorder

• DESIGN: Characterizing risk for conduct disorder in boys in association with monoamine oxidase A genotype and exposure to familial adversity, defined by interparental violence, parental neglect, and inconsistent discipline [9].
• METHOD: In addition to self-ratings, electrodermal responses to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant slides were obtained for 21 boys with conduct disorder and 54 boys with ADHD plus conduct disorder [19].
• BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the presence of conduct disorder may contribute to the persistence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology into adolescence; however, the aetiological relationship between the two phenotypes remains undetermined [20].
• Subjects with major depressive disorder had higher systolic blood pressure than subjects with conduct disorder but no difference in heart rate [21].
• This study supports the hypothesis that the basic neurophysiology responsible for the P300 amplitude in cocaine-dependent individuals is associated with impulsivity independent of a history of childhood conduct disorder symptoms [22].

Anatomical context of Conduct Disorder

• Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and corticotropin levels are high in young male patients with conduct disorder: comparisons for growth factors, thyroid and gonadal hormones [23].
• Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed in 11 adolescents with major depressive disorder, 11 with conduct disorder, and eight normal age-matched subjects [24].

Gene context of Conduct Disorder

• These parents reported retrospectively on their level of ADHD Inattention and Conduct Disorder symptoms in adolescence [16].
• The children with conduct disorder socialized had significantly higher COMT activity than the other two groups [15].
• In analyses of the relation of symptom levels to the DRD4 and DAT1 genotypes, fathers possessing the 7 repeat DRD4 allele had greater levels of both inattention and conduct disorder symptoms [16].
• Gene-environment interaction in hyperkinetic conduct disorder (HD + CD) as indicated by season of birth variations in dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphism [25].
• Association of the androgen receptor gene (AR) with ADHD and conduct disorder [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Conduct Disorder

• They found that children diagnosed as having conduct disorder undersocialized had significantly lower DBH activity than children diagnosed as having conduct disorder socialized and the control group [15].
• These children represent a subgroup of 61 hospitalized aggressive and explosive patients diagnosed as Conduct Disorder, undersocialized, aggressive who completed a double-blind study comparing the efficacy of haloperidol, lithium, and placebo [27].
• CONCLUSION: Predictors of response to divalproex treatment for conduct disorder were identified, despite the small sample size in this study [28].
• METHOD: Subjects included 98 three- to seven-year-old children with DSM-IV ADHD (68 with ADHD and comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder [ADHD+ODD/CD]) and 116 non-ADHD comparison children recruited in 1995-96 during the first wave of a longitudinal study [29].
• RESULTS: Meta-analysis using weighted variables revealed clonidine demonstrates a moderate effect size of 0.58 +/- 0.16 (95% confidence interval = 0.27-0.89) on symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents with ADHD and ADHD comorbid with conduct disorder, developmental delay, and tic disorders [30].

References