Disease relevance of Pan paniscus

• A HERV-K provirus in chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas, but not humans [1].

High impact information on Pan paniscus

• We also found three shared human/pygmy chimpanzee polymorphisms, all involving CpG dinucleotides, and two shared human/gorilla polymorphisms, one involving a CpG dinucleotide [2].
• Some pygmy chimpanzees (also called Bonobos) give much simpler patterns of hybridization on Southern blotting with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) cDNA probes than do either humans or common chimpanzees [3].
• Thus, the lineage leading to modern humans suffered a mutation sometime after the common ancestor with the chimpanzee and bonobo, potentially affecting recognition by a variety of endogenous and exogenous sialic acid-binding lectins [4].
• To investigate the mechanisms of HLA-B evolution we have compared the sequences of 19 HLA-B homologues from chimpanzees and bonobos to 65 HLA-B sequences [5].
• To understand the nature and pattern of variation and linkage disequilibrium comprising this history, we present a study of approximately 31 kb spanning an approximately 70 kb region of FMR1, sequenced in a sample of 20 humans (worldwide sample) and four great apes (chimp, bonobo, and gorilla) [6].

Biological context of Pan paniscus

• These three genes in pygmy chimpanzees or their corresponding genes in humans and common chimpanzees form the conserved "framework" common to all KIR haplotypes in these species and upon which haplotypic diversity is built [3].
• Estrone conjugates (E1C), pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG), and estriol (E3) in urine, and immunoreactive E1C, E3, pregnanediol (Pd), and progesterone (P4) in feces were determined along with records of perineal sex skin swelling throughout 7 nonconception cycles and 3 full-term pregnancies of 4 adult female bonobos (Pan paniscus) [7].
• In this study we used sex-linked (mitochondrial DNA sequence and Y-chromosome microsatellite) markers from the same set of individuals to estimate the magnitude of difference in effective dispersal between the sexes and to investigate the long-term demographic history of bonobos [8].
• High-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization of RBM- and TSPY-related cosmids on released Y chromatin in humans and pygmy chimpanzees [9].
• Applying two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) we simultaneously hybridized RBM- and TSPY-related cosmids to Y chromosomes in prophase and to released Y chromatin in interphase nuclei of man and pygmy chimpanzee [9].

Anatomical context of Pan paniscus

• An inverted and a satellited Y chromosome detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes of a chimpanzee and a pygmy chimpanzee, respectively, were characterized cytogenetically by various banding techniques [10].

Associations of Pan paniscus with chemical compounds

• The split between Sumatran and Bornean orangutans was dated at approximately 10.5 MYBP and that between the common and pygmy chimpanzees at approximately 7 MYBP [11].
• Application of urinary and fecal steroid measurements for monitoring ovarian function and pregnancy in the bonobo (Pan paniscus) and evaluation of perineal swelling patterns in relation to endocrine events [7].
• Although testosterone was the dominant peak (85%) in human urine, its proportion in urine was much less in the other apes, ranging from a high of 59% in the bonobo and chimpanzee to a low of 24% in the mountain gorilla [12].
• Urinary estrone conjugates (E(1)C), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) during the normal menstrual cycle in the orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo [13].
• The gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo exhibited similar PdG trends [13].

Gene context of Pan paniscus

• New COII gene sequences were determined for five humans (Homo sapiens), including some of the most mitochondrially divergent humans known; for two pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus); and for a common chimpanzee (P. troglodytes) [14].
• The MC1R gene in common and pygmy chimpanzees, gorilla, orangutan, and baboon was sequenced to study the evolution of MC1R [15].
• We have, therefore, compared the sequences of 19 HLA-A homologues from chimpanzees and bonobos to 42 HLA-A sequences [16].
• HLA-F orthologous cDNA transcripts are found in chimpanzee and in the new primate species studied (bonobo, gorilla and orangutan) [17].
• Within- and between-species variation in restriction endonuclease recognition sites was examined at the Y-linked RPS4Y locus of six hominoid species: human (Homo sapiens), gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), bonobo (Pan paniscus), orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and gibbon (Hylobates lar) [18].

References