Disease relevance of pregnanediol

• Urine levels of three major estrogens and of pregnanediol were measured for 76 nulliparous daughters of breast cancer patients and for 115 control women of similar age and parity [1].
• Spontaneous ovarian activity, as reflected by the urinary excretion of total estrogen and pregnanediol measured serially (thrice weekly) over a period of 3-4 months, was studied in nine young women (15-27 yr old) with a history of dysfunctional uterine bleeding of at least 2-yr duration [2].
• The OVEIA assay, a simultaneous measurement of oestrone and pregnanediol glucuronides, for studying the treatment of infertility patients [3].
• One hundred patients admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of threatened abortion were assessed by means of sonar, urinary oestrogen, pregnanediol and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) assays and clinical examination [4].
• Urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion, endometrial and ovarian pathology and body weight in women with postmenopausal bleeding [5].

Psychiatry related information on pregnanediol

• The ovarian response to copulation was determined by ultrasonography and by analysis of estrone sulfate (follicular status) and pregnanediol glucuronide (luteal status) concentrations in urine [6].

High impact information on pregnanediol

• Similar but weaker associations were observed for urinary estrogens and pregnanediol in the luteal phase [7].
• Plasma 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin were measured, as well as urine estrone, estradiol, estriol, and pregnanediol [8].
• Urine specimens from 94 premenopausal women with breast cancer and from 70 control women have been compared with respect to concentration of the three major estrogen fractions and to frequency of ovulation as assessed by urine pregnanediol [9].
• Among the younger women, significantly lower levels of pregnanediol, suggestive of a higher frequency of anovular menstrual cycles, were also seen in the nulliparous women [10].
• The influence of the host's age and the menstrual cycle on 24 hours' excretion was investigated for each of 14 identified neutral steroids, of which four in our fraction 2 (11-hydroxyandrosterone, 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone, pregnanediol, and pregnanetriol) were menstruation dependent [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of pregnanediol

• The premenopausal patients with early breast cancer excreted subnormal amounts of five steroids (11-hydroxyandrosterone, 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone, pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, and tetrahydrocorticosterone) and increased amounts of tetrahydrocortisol as compared with the normal subjects of corresponding ages [12].
• Plasma prolactin (PRL) and human placental lactogen (HPL), and urinary estriol and pregnanediol were studied during pregnancies induced with bromocriptine (Parlodel, Sandoz) in 10 cases of hyperprolactinemia [13].

Biological context of pregnanediol

• Urinary excretion of LH, estrone, and pregnanediol was compared to that of nine control breastfeeding mothers [14].
• However, luteinization of at least some of the follicles occurred, based on findings of supraphysiological levels of serum progesterone during the surge and subsequent increase in urinary pregnanediol levels (luteal phase) [15].
• The value of urinary pregnanediol estimation for monitoring early pregnancies [16].
• The study covered a total of 30 cycles; parameters studied were basal body temperature, urinary excretion of estrogens and pregnanediol, and characteristics of cervical mucus [17].
• During lactation, the luteal phase pregnanediol levels were within normal limits in thirteen of forty-nine (27%) cycles, the remainder of the luteal phases being deficient (31%) or absent (42%) [18].

Anatomical context of pregnanediol

• The occurrence of ovulation could be determined reliably from a change in the ratio of cornified to basal epithelial cells in vaginal smears, and luteal activity could be assessed reliably from daily measurements of urinary pregnanediol [19].
• The glycogen content of the endometrium of 21 of these patients, who showed normal excretion of urinary pregnanediol (greater than or equal to 2 mg/day), was significantly higher than that of the other 11 patients who showed low excretion of urinary pregnanediol (less than 2 mg/day) (P less than 0.005) [20].
• Secretion of 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol by the uterus and its contents was indicated by a positive venous-arterial difference across the uterus between days 128 and 141 in three ovariectomized pregnant goats receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate [21].
• Research to date on pregnanediol, increased lipase, and free fatty acids as the causes of breast milk jaundice is reviewed [22].

Associations of pregnanediol with other chemical compounds

• In addition to pregnanediol, a second class of steroid hormones accumulated in the coculture medium, namely androsterone and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha,17 alpha,20 alpha-triol (pregnanetriol) [23].
• Daily urine samples were assayed for estrone conjugates, pregnanediol glucuronide, LH, and FSH, and the information from across the menstrual cycle was expressed as area under the curve (AUC) [24].
• Luteal phase pregnanediol excretion was diminished in the perimenopausal women compared to that in younger normal subjects (range for integrated pregnanediol, 1.0-8.4 vs. 1.6-12.7 microg/mg Cr/luteal phase; P = 0.015) [25].
• Identification and measurement of urinary estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol, pregnanediol and androsterone during the menstrual cycle of the orangutan [26].
• Both urinary pregnanediol and androsterone levels were low during the first half of the cycle, started to rise just after midcycle, and showed a peak during the second half of the menstrual cycle [26].

Gene context of pregnanediol

• The length of the luteal phase was not affected by TRH in the two cycles of treatment as demonstrated by basal body temperature, pregnanediol excretion, and endometrial biopsy [27].
• Hormones were measured from weekly urine samples (oestrogen and pregnanediol) and fortnightly blood samples (prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione, and sex hormone binding globulin) [28].
• A 2-3 fold higher urinary pregnanediol glucuronide excretion has been observed in women with premature ovarian failure, compared with age-appropriate menopausal women [29].
• MEASUREMENTS: Urinary secretion of oestrone, pregnanediol, LH and buserelin were determined in daily samples collected for 2 cycles before treatment, during treatment, and for 2 recovery cycles [30].
• Repeated administration of several exogenous hormones (estriol, pregnanediol, thyroxine) or peptide hormones (placental lactogen, prolactin, chorionic gonadotropin) failed to suppress P450IIE1 in nonpregnant rats, indicating a possibility of another factor(s) responsible for the P450IIE1 suppression during pregnancy [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of pregnanediol

• Urinary estrone conjugate and pregnanediol 3-glucuronide enzyme immunoassays for population research [32].
• Pregnanediol was measured by gas chromatography in 24-hour urine samples obtained once weekly from 76 randomly selected pregnant women 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after the last menstrual period [16].
• Radioimmunoassay of pregnanediol concentrations in early morning urine specimens for assessment of luteal function in women [33].
• Ninety-three women aged 29-44 years (median, 38 years) who had undergone hysterectomy for benign reasons 0.3-9.1 years prior to investigation, contributed urine samples twice weekly for a period of 53-149 days (median 102 days) for pregnanediol analysis [34].
• Normal ranges of urinary pregnanediol and total urinary oestrogen were determined from weekly estimations in twenty-seven cycles from seven normally menstruating control women and compared with the levels in the cycles of twenty-seven breast feeding and ten bottle feeding mothers [18].

References