Disease relevance of Euphorbia

• Activation of the Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by the latex of the plant Euphorbia tirucalli [1].
• Pubescenes, jatrophane diterpenes, from Euphorbia pubescens, with multidrug resistance reversing activity on mouse lymphoma cells [2].
• Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by galloyl glucoses from Terminalia chebula and flavonol glycoside gallates from Euphorbia pekinensis [3].
• Toxicity of Euphorbia milii latex and niclosamide to snails and nontarget aquatic species [4].
• The combined usage of n-butyrate and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or the oily extracts from Croton tiglium, Euphorbia lathyris or Euphorbia tirucalli exerted a marked effect on induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated early (EA) and viral capsid (VCA) antigens in EBV genome-carrying human lymphoblastoid cell lines [5].

High impact information on Euphorbia

• A lipase from the latex of Euphorbia characias was purified using a method involving extraction with apolar solvent and adsorption chromatography on silica gel [6].
• The chemical forms of inorganic carbon, CO2 or HCO3-, incorporated during photosynthesis in photoautotrophic Euphorbia characias cell suspension cultures were determined in experiments using 13CO2 and a mass spectrometry technique [7].
• In fact, attempts to understand the hot and painful action of the vanillyl group containing compounds capsaicin (from Capsicum sp.) and its ultrapotent analogue resiniferatoxin (RTX, from Euphorbia sp.) led to the cloning of the vanilloid receptor (TRPV1) 7 years ago [8].
• We have used the expression of hormone and cell cycle-responsive genes as markers to follow this process in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) [9].
• We previously characterized a calcium-dependent peroxidase isolated from the latex of the Mediterranean shrub Euphorbia characias (ELP) [Medda et al. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 8909-8918] [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Euphorbia

• Combined effect of the extracts from Croton tiglium, Euphorbia lathyris or Euphorbia tirucalli and n-butyrate on Epstein-Barr virus expression in human lymphoblastoid P3HR-1 and Raji cells [5].
• PURPOSE: In this study, the inhibitory activity of the methyl esters and derivatives extracted from Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae) and their effect on apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in the human gastric cancer cell line (SGC-7901) were evaluated [11].

Biological context of Euphorbia

• Here we report the cDNA nucleotide sequence of Euphorbia latex peroxidase, showing that the derived protein has two distinct amino acid sequences recognized as CaM-binding sites [10].
• Jatrophane diterpenes from the latex of Euphorbia obtusifolia with inhibitory activity on the mammalian mitochondrial respiratory chain [12].
• An aqueous solution of the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli collected at sites receiving large amounts of sunlight showed molluscicide action on Biomphalaria glabrata, with LD50 obtained at the concentration of 28,0 ppm and LD90 at the concentration of 85,0 ppm [13].

Anatomical context of Euphorbia

• Neutrophil migration and aggregation induced by euphorbin, a lectin from the latex of Euphorbia milii, var. milii [14].
• Successive purification of the extract from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha, guided by antihepatotoxic activity in primary cultured rat hepatocytes, led to the isolation of brevifolin (1), hyperin (2), ellagic acid (3) and 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid (4) as hepatoprotective compounds [15].
• Activity of macrocyclic jatrophane diterpenes from Euphorbia kansui in a TrkA fibroblast survival assay [16].
• Resiniferatoxin, an ultrapotent capsaicin analog present in the latex of Euphorbia resinifera, interacts at a specific membrane recognition site (referred to as the vanilloid receptor), expressed by primary sensory neurons mediating pain perception as well as neurogenic inflammation [17].
• The objective of the study was to investigate the activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of Euphorbia royleana latex on cellular and humoral-mediated immune responses and phagocytic function of the cells of the reticuloendothelial system in mice [18].

Associations of Euphorbia with chemical compounds

• We propose that Ca(2+) binding to a low affinity site induces a reorientation of the distal histidine changing the almost inactive form of Euphorbia peroxidase to a high activity form [19].
• The endosperm of Euphorbia lagascae Spreng. seeds contains high levels of the epoxidated fatty acid vernolic acid [12(S),13(R)-epoxy-12-octadecenoic acid] [20].
• Aerobic and anaerobic glucose metabolism of Phytomonas sp. isolated from Euphorbia characias [21].
• In addition, four flavonol glycoside gallates ( 5 - 8) from Euphorbia pekinensis containing the galloyl moiety also showed the inhibitory activity at a level comparable to those of 2 - 4 [3].
• Irritant diterpene ester toxins were isolated from Euphorbia nubica and E. helioscopia, which are contaminants of the green fodder of livestock in Egypt. Fractionations of methanol extracts of aerial parts of both plants were monitored by the irritation unit on the mouse ear [22].

Gene context of Euphorbia

• A germination-specific epoxide hydrolase from Euphorbia lagascae [20].
• (sand-box tree) and Euphorbia characias L [23].
• Cloning and characterization of cold-regulated glycine-rich RNA-binding protein genes from leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) and comparison to heterologous genomic clones [24].
• [structures: see text] Lathyranoic acid A (1), the first secolathyrane diterpenoid with an unprecedented skeleton, and a new diterpenoid Euphorbia factor L11 (2) were isolated from the seeds of Euphorbia lathyris [25].
• New macrocyclic lathyrane diterpenes, from Euphorbia lagascae, as inhibitors of multidrug resistance of tumour cells [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Euphorbia

• Preliminary biological assay on cerebroside mixture from Euphorbia nicaeensis All. Isolation and structure determination of five glucocerebrosides [27].
• A lectin was purified from the latex of Euphorbia marginata by affinity chromatography on acid-treated Sepharose 6B and elution with lactose [28].
• Following an identified use of the plant as analgesic in traditional medicine, the hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Euphorbia heterophylla root have been tested for antinociceptive activity in rats [29].

References