Disease relevance of Radiation Protection

• Improved radiation protection of the thyroid gland with thyroxine, methimazole, and potassium iodide during diagnostic and therapeutic use of radiolabeled metaiodobenzylguanidine in children with neuroblastoma [1].
• The author describes four specific biologic effects from radiation exposure--leukemia, thyroid cancer, breast cancer and fetal effects--and presents clinical examples that relate to current radiation protection practices and concerns [2].
• A radiation protection survey has been carried out using TLD to assess the radiation exposure to staff during radium insertions for cancer of the cervix [3].
• Survival of three strains of Escherichia coli K12 was studied with respect to radiation protection by dithiothreitol (DTT) [4].

High impact information on Radiation Protection

• In vivo long-term reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice was effected by as few as 720 AA4.1+, WGAbright yolk sac cells, but it required addition of a subset of bone marrow cells capable of providing immediate (short-term) radiation protection [5].
• However, radiation protection and expression of alpha Gal on bone marrow-derived cells, resulting in tolerance, could be achieved by increasing the number of transduced cells used to reconstitute immunized mice [6].
• Role of glutathione and other endogenous thiols in radiation protection [7].
• A new perspective of radiation protection by metallothionein induction [8].
• Role of vitamin A and beta carotene in radiation protection: relation to antioxidant properties [9].

Biological context of Radiation Protection

• Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy is described as carried out by methods of gene therapy for radiation protection using the manganese-superoxide-dismutase transgene delivered by inhalation gene transfer [10].
• Roles for gamma-GT in non-neural systems have also been reported, e.g., effects on the metamorphosis of amphibians; on plasma rennin regulation; on radiation protection; on uric acid levels; on human antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and many more [11].
• Internal radiation from inhalation of metal tritide aerosols may present a significant radiation protection problem for nuclear facility workers [12].
• The data series employed consist of 99Tc values for seaweed (Fucus vesiculosus) and seawater samples taken as part of a marine monitoring program conducted on the coast of northern Norway by the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority [13].
• It is clear from the wealth of tritium data now available that relative biological effectiveness values for tritium beta rays are higher than the quality factor of unity generally used in radiation protection [14].

Anatomical context of Radiation Protection

• Chemical radiation protection of the intestinal epithelium by mercaptoethylamine and its thiophosphate derivative [15].
• The Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) organized a biological dosimetry international intercomparison with the purpose of comparing (i) dicentrics yield produced in human lymphocytes; (ii) the gamma and neutron dose estimate according to the corresponding laboratory calibration curve [16].

Associations of Radiation Protection with chemical compounds

• Radiation protection in vivo by prostaglandins and related compounds of the arachidonic acid cascade [17].
• The study is based on a collaboration between the Cancer Registry of Norway, the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, and National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB, UK) [18].
• A reinvestigation of the radiation protection activity of S-[2-[(2'-carbamylethyl)amino]ethyl] lithium hydrogen phosphorothioate (4a) revealed that this compound possessed good (70% protection at a dose of 600 mg/kg) activity [19].
• To investigate prostaglandin-induced radiation protection against alopecia, the hair of B6D2F1 male mice was plucked from the right thigh and surrounding area to induce anagen [20].
• Radiation exposure and radiation protection of the physician in iodine-131 Lipiodol therapy of liver tumours [21].

Gene context of Radiation Protection

• Wearing away of the TP53 pathway by chronic exposure to radiation may have important implications for radiation protection [22].
• An ICRU report entitled "Nuclear Data for Neutron and Proton Radiotherapy and for Radiation Protection" is in preparation [23].
• A TLD reader incorporating the techniques of photon counting and dc methods has been developed for radiation dose measurements in the range of 10(-6) Gy (10(-2) Gy = 1 rad) to 100 Gy for varied applications in radiation protection and for dosimetry in medical physics [24].
• The results indicate that the potential risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer is very small when proper radiation protection measures are used [25].
• This paper discusses these requirements, methods for meeting them, the process used by the NRC to change its regulations, a proposed rule on release of patients who contain therapeutic radionuclides, and some commentary from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements that medical licensees may find useful [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Radiation Protection

• Iodine-125 is useful in curietherapy because of its advantages relating to radiation protection [27].
• In the scope of QUADOS, a Concerted Action of the European Commission, eight calculational problems were prepared in order to evaluate the use of computational codes for dosimetry in radiation protection and medical physics, and to disseminate "good practice" throughout the radiation dosimetry community [28].
• The question of the cost-effectiveness of erbium filtration as a radiation protection measure is also addressed [29].

References