Disease relevance of Brunner Glands

• Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is produced in Brunner's glands and plays a role in healing and repair of duodenal ulcers [1].
• A case of Brunner's glands hyperplasia with diarrhea responsive to cimetidine [2].
• Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is secreted by salivary and Brunner's glands and shows a potent inhibitory effect on gastric acid and stimulatory influence on mucosal growth and protection but little is known about the effect of the Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection on the release of EGF [3].

High impact information on Brunner Glands

• Epidermal growth factor, and its human homologue urogastrone (EGF/URO), are secreted by the gut-associated salivary and Brunner's glands [4].
• While Pdx1(-/-) (protein-null) mice have nonpancreatic abnormalities (e.g., distorted pylorus, absent Brunner's glands), these structures formed normally in Pdx1(DeltaI-II-III/DeltaI-II-III) and Pdx1(DeltaI-II-III/-) mice [5].
• The cells of the Brunner's glands express high levels of CFTR mRNA [6].
• Secretion of HCO3- by duodenum just distal to the Brunner's glands area and devoid of pancreatic HCO3- was titrated in situ in anesthetized rats [7].
• Total output of immunoreactive epidermal growth factor was reduced to approximately 55%, compared with controls, 5 h after administration of cysteamine (300 mg/kg, s.c.). Furthermore, measurements on tissue extracts of the pouches revealed that 5 h after cysteamine treatment, Brunner's glands were depleted of epidermal growth factor [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Brunner Glands

• Effect of ayurvedic medicines on beta-glucuronidase activity of Brunner's glands during recovery from cysteamine induced duodenal ulcers in rats [9].
• Hyperplasia of Brunner's glands is one of the protective mechanisms of the organism, which serves the protection of the duodenal mucosa between the pyloric ring and the papilla of Vater, against the damaging effect of the hydrochloric acid [10].

Biological context of Brunner Glands

• Immunoreactivity of antibodies against deglycosylated MGM and against a synthetic MGM tandem repeat peptide was restricted to superficial mucous cells, antral glands and Brunner's glands in the pyloric-duodenal region [11].
• Human Brunner's glands produce class III mucin glycoproteins and are thought to be the product of mucin gene MUC6 which is assigned to chromosome 11 (11p15-11p15.5 chromosome region) [12].

Anatomical context of Brunner Glands

• VIP-, substance P- and met-enkephalin-immunoreactive innervation of the human gastroduodenal mucosa and Brunner's glands [13].
• No immunoreactivity was found in BMs of most of the digestive tract, including the liver and pancreas, except for BMs of esophageal submucosal glands and duodenal Brunner's glands [14].
• Cholinergic (choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive) nerve fibers were found in Brunner's glands [15].
• PGE(2) (1 mg/kg iv) simultaneously increased MGT and PAS-positive perfusate glycoprotein concentrations followed by a transient increase in AB-positive glycoprotein concentration, suggesting contributions from goblet cells and Brunner's glands [16].
• Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is produced in the salivary and Brunner's glands of the upper gastrointestinal tract, inhibits gastric acid secretion, and is a powerful mitogen [17].

Associations of Brunner Glands with chemical compounds

• The presence of PAS-positive mucus in Brunner's glands was unchanged during infusion of noradrenaline whereas VIP induced a depletion of Brunner's gland mucus which in turn was prevented by simultaneous infusion of noradrenaline [18].
• VIP-, substance P- and met-enkephalin-containing innervation of the human gastroduodenal mucosa and Brunner's glands was studied by immunocytochemistry on whole mount tissue preparations [13].
• Isoproterenol had no effect on basal and VIP stimulated secretion of EGF from Brunner's glands [18].
• Chemical sympathectomy by administration of 6-hydroxydopamine increased volume secretion and output of EGF from Brunner's glands but depleted the glands of EGF [18].
• These findings demonstrate that Brunner's glands are innervated by cholinergic vagal fibers but not by capsaicin-sensitive or intrinsic enteric nerves [15].

Gene context of Brunner Glands

• MUC2 was absent from the UACL, Brunner's glands, and stomach [19].
• Brunner's glands ubiquitously expressed MUC5B, MUC6, and TFF2 [20].
• These cells were also positive for M1 (gastric-foveolar type mucin) but negative for M2 (deep gastric and Brunner glands' mucin) [21].
• In duodenal ulcers extending into Brunner's glands with destruction of the muscularis mucosae, proliferating cells positive for MIB-1 were scattered in Brunner's glands [21].
• Moderate numbers of 5-HT-, somatostatin-, and gastrin-immunoreactive cells also were found in BRUNNER's glands [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Brunner Glands

• Intravenous infusions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in doses of 10, 100, and 1000 ng/kg.h significantly increased flow rate, as well as bicarbonate and protein output from Brunner's glands in the rat [23].

References