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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
MeSH Review

Starlings

 
 
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Disease relevance of Starlings

  • The nucleotide sequences of the NS genes of avian influenza A viruses, A/Chicken/Japan/24, A/Duck/England/56, A/Tern/South Africa/61, A/Duck/Ukraine/1/63, and A/Mynah/Haneda-Thai/76, were determined and compared among themselves and with two reported NS sequences of the avian viruses, A/FPV/Rostock/34 and A/Duck/Alberta/60/76 [1].
  • The syndrome of excessive iron overload in the mynah birds shared most of the important histopathologic characteristics with idiopathic (hereditary) hemochromatosis in human beings [2].
  • Plasma corticosterone in wild starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) immediately following capture and in relation to body weight during the annual cycle [3].
 

High impact information on Starlings

  • In this study, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) preferred mixture solutions of D-glucose plus D-fructose to equimolar (double molar caloric value) solutions of sucrose [4].
  • Synchronization by low-amplitude light-dark cycles of 24-hour pineal and plasma melatonin rhythms of hatchling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) [5].
  • The functions of song and the contextual cues that elicit song change seasonally in parallel with testosterone (T) concentrations in male European starlings [6].
  • D1 dopamine receptors were pharmacologically characterized and localized by quantitative autoradiography in the basal ganglia of male and female European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) [7].
  • In male starlings, area X could be reliably discerned on the autoradiograms by the higher density of D1 receptors compared to the surrounding parolfactory lobe (LPO) [7].
 

Biological context of Starlings

 

Anatomical context of Starlings

 

Associations of Starlings with chemical compounds

  • We used captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to test whether corticosterone responses differed in birds held under normal laboratory conditions or conditions of chronic stress [16].
  • In thyroidectomized and castrated starlings held on 18-h daylengths, 14 daily injections of thyroxine (100 micrograms/bird per day) caused a rapid and permanent decrease in circulating FSH to basal levels (reached about 36 days after thyroxine treatment began, at which time the birds moulted) [17].
  • Circannual variations in plasma luteinizing hormone levels in castrated male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) [18].
  • The role of estradiol in song system sexual differentiation was assessed in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) [19].
  • Single injections of the glutamate agonist N-methyl-DL-aspartate (NMA) were used as a probe to assess releasable stores of cGnRH-I in male starlings at four physiologically different reproductive stages [20].
 

Gene context of Starlings

  • To address the key features leading to high absorption and thus to iron overload in these animals, we have studied the two iron transport proteins DMT1 and Ireg1 in the best-known susceptible species, the mynah bird [21].
  • House wrens hold similar patterns of age-dependent change in ChE activity in common with starlings but also exhibit differences in AChE activity in plasma that should be considered as a factor potentially affecting their relative toxicologic response to ChE inhibitors [22].
  • Changes in plasma prolactin in male starlings during testicular regression under short days compared with those during photorefractoriness [23].
  • Plasma-luteinizing hormone and prolactin during circannual rhythms of gonadal maturation and molt in male and female European starlings [24].
  • Changes in basal hypothalamic chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide associated with a photo-induced cycle in gonadal maturation and prolactin secretion in intact and thyroidectomized starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) [25].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Starlings

References

  1. Genetic divergence of the NS genes of avian influenza viruses. Nakajima, K., Nobusawa, E., Ogawa, T., Nakajima, S. Virology (1987) [Pubmed]
  2. Pathophysiology of excessive iron storage in mynah birds. Gosselin, S.J., Kramer, L.W. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. (1983) [Pubmed]
  3. Plasma corticosterone in wild starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) immediately following capture and in relation to body weight during the annual cycle. Dawson, A., Howe, P.D. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (1983) [Pubmed]
  4. Physiological constraint on feeding behavior: intestinal membrane disaccharidases of the starling. Martinez del Rio, C., Stevens, B.R. Science (1989) [Pubmed]
  5. Synchronization by low-amplitude light-dark cycles of 24-hour pineal and plasma melatonin rhythms of hatchling European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Gwinner, E., Zeman, M., Klaassen, M. J. Pineal Res. (1997) [Pubmed]
  6. Seasonal changes in the densities of alpha(2) noradrenergic receptors are inversely related to changes in testosterone and the volumes of song control nuclei in male European starlings. Riters, L.V., Eens, M., Pinxten, R., Ball, G.F. J. Comp. Neurol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  7. Characterization and localization of D1 dopamine receptors in the sexually dimorphic vocal control nucleus, area X, and the basal ganglia of European starlings. Casto, J.M., Ball, G.F. J. Neurobiol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  8. Daily and seasonal variation in response to stress in captive starlings (Sturnus vulgaris): glucose. Remage-Healey, L., Romero, L.M. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  9. Circadian rhythms of melatonin in European starlings exposed to different lighting conditions: relationship with locomotor and feeding rhythms. Kumar, V., Gwinner, E., Van't Hof, T.J. J. Comp. Physiol. A (2000) [Pubmed]
  10. Stress Hormones: A Link between Maternal Condition and Sex-Biased Reproductive Investment. Love, O.P., Chin, E.H., Wynne-Edwards, K.E., Williams, T.D. Am. Nat. (2005) [Pubmed]
  11. Immunohistochemical demonstration of marked changes in the LHRH system of photosensitive and photorefractory European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Foster, R.G., Plowman, G., Goldsmith, A.R., Follett, B.K. J. Endocrinol. (1987) [Pubmed]
  12. Photorefractoriness in European starlings: associated hypothalamic changes and the involvement of thyroid hormones and prolactin. Nicholls, T.J., Goldsmith, A.R., Dawson, A. J. Exp. Zool. (1984) [Pubmed]
  13. Iron metabolism in mynah birds (Gracula religiosa) resembles human hereditary haemochromatosis. Mete, A., Hendriks, H.G., Klaren, P.H., Dorrestein, G.M., van Dijk, J.E., Marx, J.J. Avian Pathol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  14. The effects of nerve growth factor and anti-nerve growth factor antibody on the neuroendocrine reproductive system in the European starling Sturnus vulgaris. Bentley, G.E., Goldsmith, A.R., Juss, T.S., Dawson, A. J. Comp. Physiol. A (1997) [Pubmed]
  15. Observations on the accidental poisoning of birds by organophosphate insecticides and other toxic substances. Reece, R.L., Handson, P. Vet. Rec. (1982) [Pubmed]
  16. Exposure to chronic stress downregulates corticosterone responses to acute stressors. Rich, E.L., Romero, L.M. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  17. Thyroxine treatment facilitates prolactin secretion and induces a state of photorefractoriness in thyroidectomized starlings. Goldsmith, A.R., Nicholls, T.J., Plowman, G. J. Endocrinol. (1985) [Pubmed]
  18. Circannual variations in plasma luteinizing hormone levels in castrated male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Dittami, J., Gwinner, E. J. Biol. Rhythms (1987) [Pubmed]
  19. Early administration of 17beta-estradiol partially masculinizes song control regions and alpha2-adrenergic receptor distribution in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Casto, J.M., Ball, G.F. Hormones and behavior. (1996) [Pubmed]
  20. Seasonal differences in the secretion of luteinising hormone and prolactin in response to N-methyl-DL-aspartate in starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Dawson, A. J. Neuroendocrinol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  21. Intestinal over-expression of iron transporters induces iron overload in birds in captivity. Mete, A., Jalving, R., van Oost, B.A., van Dijk, J.E., Marx, J.J. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. (2005) [Pubmed]
  22. Age-dependent changes in plasma and brain cholinesterase activities of house wrens and European starlings. Mayack, D.T., Martin, T. J. Wildl. Dis. (2003) [Pubmed]
  23. Changes in plasma prolactin in male starlings during testicular regression under short days compared with those during photorefractoriness. Goldsmith, A.R., Nicholls, T.J. J. Endocrinol. (1984) [Pubmed]
  24. Plasma-luteinizing hormone and prolactin during circannual rhythms of gonadal maturation and molt in male and female European starlings. Dawson, A. J. Biol. Rhythms (1997) [Pubmed]
  25. Changes in basal hypothalamic chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide associated with a photo-induced cycle in gonadal maturation and prolactin secretion in intact and thyroidectomized starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Dawson, A., Talbot, R.T., Dunn, I.C., Sharp, P.J. J. Neuroendocrinol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  26. Thyroidectomy does not affect the daily or free-running rhythms of plasma melatonin in European starlings. Dawson, A., King, V. J. Biol. Rhythms (1994) [Pubmed]
  27. Context-dependent effects of castration and testosterone treatment on song in male European starlings. Pinxten, R., De Ridder, E., Balthazart, J., Eens, M. Hormones and behavior. (2002) [Pubmed]
  28. Effect of daylength on the rate of recovery of photosensitivity in male starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). Dawson, A. J. Reprod. Fertil. (1991) [Pubmed]
  29. Regenerated hair cells in the European starling: are they more resistant to kanamycin ototoxicity than original hair cells? Marean, G.C., Cunningham, D., Burt, J.M., Beecher, M.D., Rubel, E.W. Hear. Res. (1995) [Pubmed]
  30. Prolactin is associated with the development of photorefractoriness in intact, castrated, and testosterone-implanted starlings. Goldsmith, A.R., Nicholls, T.J. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (1984) [Pubmed]
 
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