Disease relevance of Phosdrin

• Pheochromocytoma PC12 cells incubated with the organophosphate pesticide mevinphos (0.4 or 4mumol) for 1 or 3h underwent a dose-related and time-dependent loss of cell viability that was not reversed by muscarinic (atropine) or nicotinic (mecamylamine) blockade [1].
• The minimal oral toxicity level for mevinphos in man [2].
• Coenzyme q10 confers cardiovascular protection against acute mevinphos intoxication by ameliorating bioenergetic failure and hypoxia in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat [3].
• CASE REPORT: We describe a patient presenting with painless acute pancreatitis following an intentional ingestion of large amounts of mevinphos [4].
• Neurological effects and cholinesterase inhibition in man by subacute administration of mevinphos [5].

High impact information on Phosdrin

• Cholinergic receptor-independent dysfunction of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ATP depletion underlie necrotic cell death induced by the organophosphate poison mevinphos [1].
• We investigated whether UCH-L1 plays a neuroprotective role at the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the origin of sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor tone in the medulla oblongata where the organophosphate insecticide mevinphos (Mev) acts to elicit cardiovascular toxicity [6].
• De novo synthesis of ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme l1 in rostral ventrolateral medulla is crucial to survival during mevinphos intoxication [6].
• Of the 9 chemicals tested after metabolic activation by liver microsomal S9 preparation, significant increases in SCE frequency were seen in diazinon-, dimethoate-, Dursban- and Phosdrin-treated cells [7].
• Volatilization appeared to be a major process of pesticide dissipation, especially for malathion and mevinphos [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Phosdrin

• Coadministration of piperonyl butoxide effectively reduced the acute toxicity of four metabolically activated organophosphates (parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon, and malathion) and did not affect the toxicity of three organophosphates not requiring metabolic activation (dichlorvos, chlorfenvinphos, and mevinphos) [9].
• Pesticides most frequently associated with cholinesterase depressions exceeding California threshold values included mevinphos (Phosdrin), oxydemeton methyl (Metasystox-R), methomyl (Lannate), and acephate (Orthene); these pesticides included organophosphates in toxicity categories I and II and one carbamate in toxicity category I [10].
• 3. The inhibition mechanisms examined for four organophosphorus insecticides were highly competitive in nature and based on competitive inhibition coefficients the order of toxicity was naled > dichlorvos > cis-mevinphos = trans-mevinphos [11].
• In the EILATox-Oregon Workshop toxicity was seen in samples 1 (chlordimeform), 4 (phosdrin), 5 (HgCl(2)), 6 (sodium arsenite), 8 (metham sodium), 12 (p-chlorophenol), 14 (sodium selenite) and 17 (MNNG) [12].

Biological context of Phosdrin

• We investigated possible changes in bioenergetics at the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a medullary site where sympathetic vasomotor tone originates and where the organophosphate poison mevinphos (Mev) acts to elicit cardiovascular intoxication [13].
• MOSs for mean acute occupational exposure of mixer/loader/applicators associated with ground application and of harvesters working in fruit trees were less than the value conventionally recommended to protect people from the toxic effects of mevinphos [14].
• We evaluated the functional changes in the mitochondrial respiratory chain at the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the medullary origin of sympathetic vasomotor tone, in an experimental model of fatal organophosphate poisoning using the insecticide mevinphos (Mev) [15].
• They increased the 24h LD50 values of mevinphos about three times in comparison with non-treated intoxicated animals [16].
• Biological monitoring of workers exposed to mevinphos in greenhouses [17].

Anatomical context of Phosdrin

• For this purpose human erythrocyte AChE (EC 3.1.1.7) was inhibited (30 min) by chlorfenvinphos, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, heptenophos, mevinphos, monocrotophos, paraoxon, phosphamidon, trichlorfon, malaoxon, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl or methamidophos by 85-98% of control [18].
• The first echo of the GESFID sequence (TE = 12.6 ms) produced the best contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N) between the pallidum and the putamen, the pallidum and the thalamus, the substantia nigra and the surrounding white matter, and the substantia nigra and the subthalamic nucleus [19].
• On three separate occasions feral starlings (Sternus vulgaris) were found dead and their gizzard contents contained mevinphos [20].
• Effect of commercial formulation of four organophosphorus insecticides such as malathion, phosdrin (mevinphos), birlane (chlorfenvinphos), and gardona (tetrachlorvinphos) on LH-induced in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes of Mystus vittatus was investigated using three concentrations for each insecticide [21].
• Cytological and cytochemical changes in reactive connective tissue cells following exposure to phosdrin [22].

Associations of Phosdrin with other chemical compounds

• By far, the highest esterase inhibiting potency was found in a sample collected in an area with intense horticultural activities in June, and was attributed to high concentrations of dichlorvos, mevinphos, pirimiphos-methyl and methiocarb [23].
• Atropine, scopolamine, mevinphos, and eserine selectively block directional sensitivity of visual integrative neurones in the thalamus [24].
• Red blood cell and plasma cholinesterase activities were equally sensitive for all but mevinphos and diazinon [25].
• In addition, it was noted that increasing the initial pH of mevinphos rinsate to a basic level was required to reach higher COD removal efficiency and positive microtoxicity reduction efficiency while it was not necessary for the treatment of carbofuran rinsate [26].
• On the other hand, both monopyridinium oximes were significantly more efficacious than HI-6 and as efficacious as obidoxime when they were administered 30 sec. after mevinphos poisoning [27].

Gene context of Phosdrin

• We evaluated the relationship between the toxicity induced by the organophosphate mevinphos (Mev) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), the medullary origin of sympathetic neurogenic vasomotor tone [28].
• No cases of acute pancreatitis following mevinphos (CAS 7786-34-71) poisoning have been reported to date [4].
• 3. On the other hand, there were significant differences in their therapeutic efficacy when they were administered 30 sec following mevinphos challenge [16].
• Toxicity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and metabolism of enolic phosphate esters resembling the insecticide, phosdrin [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Phosdrin

• Mortality on samples from mevinphos treated plants declined considerably by 1 d after treatment [30].

References