Disease relevance of Epidermal Cyst

• Mlh1 deficiency in Min/+ mice also led to an increase in cystic intestinal crypt multiplicity as well as enhancing desmoid tumorigenesis and epidermoid cyst development [1].
• When injected into athymic nude mice lines produced either squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in all animals, SCC in some animals and epidermal cysts in others, or epidermal cysts only in all the animals [2].
• False-positive iodine-131 whole-body scans due to cholecystitis and sebaceous cyst [3].
• It has been demonstrated previously that the exposure to 7,12-dimethyl[a]benzanthracene (DMBA) and UVB radiation leads to the development of epidermal cysts, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), melanocytic hyperplasia and melanoma in human foreskins from newborns grafted to immunodeficient mice [4].
• Although CTNNB1 mutations were not observed, second somatic APC mutations were found in 4 of the 8 tumors: a uterine adenocarcinoma, a hepatocellular adenoma, an adrenocortical adenoma, and an epidermal cyst [5].

High impact information on Epidermal Cyst

• Here we report that conditionally disrupting the mouse RBP-J gene in a mosaic pattern to avoid embryonic lethality of RBP-J-deficiency caused hair loss, epidermal hyperkeratinization, and epidermal cyst formation [6].
• However, when human dermal fibroblasts were incorporated into DED, the number of epidermal cysts formed by wild-type ES cells increased dramatically, and small groups of keratin 14-positive cells differentiated from beta(1)-null ES cells [7].
• This model can explain the altered organization of extracellular lamellae in epidermal cysts (P. W. Wertz, D. C. Swartzendruber, K. C. Madison, D. T. Downing. 1987. J. Invest. Dermatol. 89:419-425) where the ester-linked chains have a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids than found in normal epidermis [8].
• Fibronectin, which is abundant in the matrix adjacent to the epidermal cysts and in the surrounding stroma during cyst organization and maturation, diminishes to undetectable levels by 5 weeks [9].
• Gardner syndrome is more of a historical subdivision of FAP, characterized by osteomas, dental anomalies, epidermal cysts, and soft tissue tumors [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Epidermal Cyst

• Operative treatment of intracranial epidermoid cysts and cholesterol granulomas: report of 21 cases [11].
• Three epidermoid cysts showed only lactate signal [12].
• In MCF-7, the high conversion of androstenedione to etiocholanolone (glucosiduronate form), a metabolite reported to form only in liver and sebaceous cysts; 3 [13].
• Diagnosis of epidermoid cysts by metrizamide CT cisternography [14].
• CONCLUSION: Epidermal cysts show a fluidlike signal with variable low-signal components on T2-weighted images and peripheral rim enhancement on gadolinium-enhanced images [15].

Biological context of Epidermal Cyst

• The PC-1 phenotype may be distinguished by the absence of the epidermal cysts found in PC-2, and it has been shown to be caused by mutations in either keratin K16 or its expression partner, the K6a isoform of K6 [16].
• Multiple plantar epidermoid cysts harboring carcinoembryonic antigen and human papillomavirus DNA sequences [17].
• The present study aimed at examining whether a particular APC genotype could be delineated in FAP patients with benign extracolonic manifestations: sebaceous cysts and/or osteomas [18].

Anatomical context of Epidermal Cyst

• Here, we have investigated the expression of beta-catenin in relation to markers for proliferation, differentiation and Wnt signaling during the development of three hair follicle related structures, i.e. whiskers, normal body hair and the preputial gland, and a hair follicle-derived tumor, the epidermal cyst [19].
• In 7 patients with epidermoid cyst, lactate along with an unassigned resonance at 1.8 ppm was observed and could be easily differentiated from arachnoid cysts (n = 2), which showed only minimal lactate [20].
• In conclusion, we failed to identify obvious germline candidate mutations in > 8500 bp of the coding region of the APC gene in a patient with multiple epidermal cysts, osteomas and a thyroid gland nodule; major chromosomal deletions were excluded [21].
• A Masson's Fontana stain and immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein and HMB 45 was performed for localization of melanin and melanocytes within the epidermal cysts [22].
• Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 5-cm multi-lobulated extra axial mass compatible with an epidermoid cyst, arising from the left temporal lobe associated with shift of the midline structures and compression of the brainstem [23].

Gene context of Epidermal Cyst

• Differential expression of S100 calcium-binding proteins in epidermoid cysts, branchial cysts, craniopharyngiomas and cholesteatomas [24].
• The CK reactivity in epidermoid cysts and milia is not restricted to CKs involved in epidermal-type differentiation, i.e. CK1, 5, 10 and 14, but in addition CK16, a hyperproliferative keratinocyte marker is suprabasally expressed [25].
• Activated macrophages with giant cell morphology clearly stained with the gelatinase B-specific monoclonal antibody in the case of villonodular synovitis and in an epidermoid cyst [26].
• Epidermoid cyst of the spleen with CA19-9 or carcinoembryonic antigen productions: report of three cases [27].
• Presacral epidermal cyst found in an adult male with a high CEA content: report of an unusual case [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Epidermal Cyst

• Multiple epidermoid cysts in a renal transplant recipient taking cyclosporine A [29].

References