Disease relevance of etiocholanolone

• A 70-year-old woman with cyclic neutropenia was treated with 16 mg of etiocholanolone and 25 mg of prednisolone intramuscularly every other day [1].
• The amounts of urinary androsterone and etiocholanolone are highly correlated with recurrence rates in patients with early breast cancer after treatment by mastectomy [2].
• Urticaria in association with etiocholanolone fever [3].
• Etiocholanolone injection resulted in inflammation, fever, leukocytosis, increased serum C-reactive protein, hypoferremia, and increased plasma activity of interleukin-1/lymphocyte-activating factor [4].
• The administration of an inflammatory agent, etiocholanolone, initiated a variety of acute phase responses and interacted with hormonally mediated changes to elicit a variety of responses commonly observed in critically ill patients [5].

High impact information on etiocholanolone

• Changes in human serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein after etiocholanolone-induced inflammation [6].
• These data indicate that these glucocorticosteroids can be used as equivalent agents to endotoxin and etiocholanolone for measuring the neutrophil reserve response [7].
• Direct comparison, however, of etiocholanolone-dependent erythroid or granulocytic colony-forming cells demonstrates nonidentity of the target cells [8].
• This protein glucuronidated testosterone rather than etiocholanolone and had a faster electrophoretic mobility when transfected COS cells were cultured in the presence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation [9].
• In contrast, a 50-kDa protein that was more active toward etiocholanolone as substrate was synthesized in COS cells transfected with UDPGTr-4.3, a chimeric cDNA that encodes the amino-terminal region of UDPGTr-4 joined to the carboxyl-terminal region of UDPGTr-3 [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of etiocholanolone

• Dehydroepiandrosterone and, in particular, etiocholanolone excretions were found to decrease significantly with age in women affected by malignant breast disease [10].
• Measurement of the size of marrow granulocyte reserve (MGR) was performed in ten alcoholic patients with clinically uncomplicated Laennec's cirrhosis and in ten healthy subjects by etiocholanolone injection before and during oral 95% ethyl alcohol administration (30 to 60 ml in orange juice every 6 hours for 48 hours) [11].

Biological context of etiocholanolone

• Since conversion of DHAS to etiocholanolone and androsterone in vivo entails prior cleavage of DHAS to DHA, this sex difference in the recovery of androsterone and etiocholanolone is interpreted to mean that DHAS leads to DHA cleavage is considerably greater in women than in men [12].
• The established reference values for DHEA, DHEA&M, ADIOL, C19 (including androsterone and etiocholanolone), and urinary parameters of steroidogenic enzyme activities could be useful to identify nutritional, environmental, and pathophysiological interrelations with the progressive maturational process of adrenarche [13].
• Etiocholanolone, when tested in normal mice or in mice that have been out of an hypoxic atmosphere for only a few days, stimulates erythropoiesis, but appears to have no effect on erythropoiesis when tested in plethoric mice that have very low residual red cell formation [14].
• To investigate the metabolic effects of interleukin-1 and its role as a mediator of host responses to trauma and sepsis, we injected seven healthy male subjects with etiocholanolone, an inflammatory agent that stimulates systemic responses thought to be mediated by interleukin-1 [4].
• The mean of serum unconjugated etiocholanolone concentration determined by the present method was 0.39 +/- 0.10 (S.D.) ng/ml (n = 50) in normal men and 0.36 +/- 0.08 (S.D.) ng/ml (n = 20) in women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle [15].

Anatomical context of etiocholanolone

• Compared to the 24 h urinary excretion rates of controls the excretion rates of androsterone and etiocholanolone were in the lower normal range up to significantly decreased in the body fluids of all patients, and those of the corticoid metabolites were also significantly decreased [16].
• Cortisone acetate, etiocholanolone (5-beta-androstan-3-alpha-01-17-one) and testosterone accelerate and increase the uptake of acridine orange by rat liver lysosomes [17].
• Etiocholanolone failed to mobilize the MGR and decreased the rate of granulocyte egress from the blood [18].
• It showed the highest specific uptake of etiocholanolone when compared to other bone marrow cell fractions [19].
• Fluoxymesterone and dexamethasone were the most active inducers of CFU-E proliferation, and etiocholanolone and dexamethasone were the most potent burst augmenters [20].

Associations of etiocholanolone with other chemical compounds

• Therefore, under the conditions of this study plasma antipyrine half-life was prolonged, probably due to impaired hepatic metabolism, during etiocholanolone-induced fever, although no correlation was observed between the magnitude of fever and the extent to which plasma antipyrine half-life was prolonged [21].
• Fluoxymesterone appears to act through cells already committed to respond to erythropoietin, while etiocholanolone appears to act on a separate, perhaps more primitive population of marrow cells [22].
• In six volunteers with etiocholanolone-stimulated fever, serum concentrations of gentamicin was reduced by an average of 40% in all measurements made 1.2, and 3 hr after intramuscular injection (1.5 mg/kg) as compared with afebrile control values in the same subject [23].
• The 11-deoxy-17-KS metabolites, derived from adrenal androgenic-anabolic steroids, and comprising androsterone, etiocholanolone, and DHA, were significantly lower in RA patients on baseline (P less than .001), ACTH (P less than .005)-, and metyrapone (P less than .02)-stimulation days [24].
• Two of six affected individuals had androsterone + etiocholanolone/cortisol metabolite ratios in the normal range [25].

Gene context of etiocholanolone

• In an attempt to predict the clinical response to androgens in two children with Fanconi anaemia (FA) and two children with Diamond-Blackfan syndrome (DB), we tested the hormonal stimulation of testosterone, nortestosterone and etiocholanolone on CFU-E, BFU-E and uroporphyrinogen I synthase activity (UROS) [26].
• On the mechanism of erythropoietin-induced differentiation. XIV. The apparent effect of etiocholanolone on initiation of erythropoiesis [14].
• Etiocholanolone (ETC), a potent inflammatory agent, induces fever in humans and causes a decrease in the clearance of certain drugs that are metabolized by P450 [27].
• Levels of the major metabolites of testosterone-androsterone (5alpha-androstan-3alpha-ol-17-one; 5alpha,3alpha-A), a neurosteroid that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of GABA(A) receptors, and its 5beta-epimer etiocholanolone (5beta-androstan-3alpha-ol-17-one; 5beta,3alpha-A)-also may be reduced in epilepsy [28].
• The MGR, the pool of band and segmented neutrophils from which sudden demands for extra blood neutrophils are met, has been studied by measuring blood neutrophil increments following administration of endotoxin, corticosteroids, or etiocholanolone [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of etiocholanolone

• In addition, blood samples were obtained at 12-hr intervals in six volunteers for 11 days after an intramuscular injection of etiocholanolone [30].
• (13)C/(12)C-ratios of NA, androsterone and etiocholanolone were measured by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry [31].
• Radioimmunoassay for etiocholanolone [15].
• After treatment with beta-glucuronidase the following steroid glucuronides were determined by full mass spectra of the corresponding free steroids: etiocholanolone, 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol-11-one, 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha, 17 alpha-diol-20-one, and cholesterol [32].
• Intravenous injections of inulin (20 mg), Naja venom (50 micrograms), compound 48/80 (1 mg), and etiocholanolone (6 mg) failed to induce hypotensive response to des-Arg9-bradykinin (the selective agonist of the B1-receptor) in 5 h [33].

References