Disease relevance of stearoyl-CoA

• Treatment of mice with SCD1 ASOs resulted in prevention of diet-induced obesity with concomitant reductions in SCD1 expression and the ratio of oleate to stearoyl-CoA in tissues and plasma [1].
• Using chemically synthesized [1-(14)C] (R,S) 3-hydroxyeicosanoyl-CoA, we investigated the biochemical characteristics of the dehydration and reduction steps of stearoyl-CoA elongation [2].
• On the other hand, stearoyl-CoA desaturation activity was absent in Novikoff hepatoma [3].
• Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 coding sequences and antisense RNA affect lipid secretion in transfected chicken LMH hepatoma cells [4].
• A particulate fraction prepared from Mycobacterium phlei grown in a metal-deficient medium exhibited a greatly reduced activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase compared to that from normally grown cells [5].

High impact information on stearoyl-CoA

• Herein, we demonstrate the highly selective iPLA2beta-catalyzed hydrolysis of saturated long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs (palmitoyl-CoA approximately myristoyl-CoA >> stearoyl-CoA >> oleoyl-CoA approximately = arachidonoyl-CoA) present either as monomers in solution or guests in host membrane bilayers [6].
• Leptin also regulates the activities of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, e.g., AMP-activated protein kinase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, and also interacts with insulin signaling in the brain [7].
• In our research, the presence of albumin activated the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 and increased stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase mRNA [8].
• Despite the fact that the stearoyl-CoA concentration was increased 7-fold and the Delta9-desaturase mRNA level was increased 3-fold, the synthesis of oleic acid was unchanged in the acb1-disrupted strain [9].
• The deduced amino acid sequences of the delta 9 acyl-lipid desaturases are similar in part to those of stearoyl-CoA desaturases of the rat, the mouse, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but not to those of acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) desaturases of higher plants [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of stearoyl-CoA

• Escherichia coli membrane particulate fraction has been spin-labeled by incubating with sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, CTP, palmitoyl CoA and 12-nitroxide stearoyl CoA [11].

Biological context of stearoyl-CoA

• Bacterial synthesis of active rat stearyl-CoA desaturase lacking the 26-residue amino-terminal amino acid sequence [12].
• Mechanism of rat liver microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase. Studies of the substrate specificity, enzyme-substrate interactions, and the function of lipid [13].
• The three purified proteins which are required for microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturation, NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, cytochrome b5, and desaturase, have been combined with egg lecithin or dimyristyl lecithin vesicles to reconstruct a functional electron transport system capable of utilizing NADH and O2 in the desaturation of stearyl-CoA [13].
• Cold resistance of the brain during hibernation: the role of stearyl CoA desaturase in brain and liver as the source for monoenes [14].
• Overexpression of a dominant-negative form of SREBP-1 decreased lipogenesis and decreased the induction of fatty acid synthase and stearyl coenzyme A desaturase-1 by KGF [15].

Anatomical context of stearoyl-CoA

• The effects produced by isotopic hydrogen substitution both in stearyl-CoA and in the medium (2H2O) are similar with microsomes from both tissues [16].
• Investigation of microsomal oxygenases of biosynthetic processes. Stearyl-CoA desaturase of adipose tissue and liver [16].
• Poly(A+) RNA isolated from livers of rats induced for stearyl-CoA desaturase contains elevated levels of mRNA for this enzyme which is translated in a rabbit reticulocyte system [17].
• The effects of the peroxisome proliferators clofibric acid (p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid), tiadenol [2,2'-(decamethylenedithio)diethanol] and perfluoro-octanoic acid (PFOA) on hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturation in male and female rats were compared [18].
• Targeted disruption of stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 gene in mice causes atrophy of sebaceous and meibomian glands and depletion of wax esters in the eyelid [19].

Associations of stearoyl-CoA with other chemical compounds

• The activity of partial reactions in the chain elongation of palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA by mouse brain microsomes [20].
• 2. Soluble and microsomal fractions were prepared from 21-day-old rats; density gradient centrifugation demonstrated that the stearoyl-CoA elongation system was localized in the microsomal fraction whereas fatty acid biosynthesis de novo from acetyl-CoA occurred in the soluble fraction [21].
• Treatment of rats with DHEA caused an increase in the activity of the terminal desaturase of the stearoyl-CoA desaturation system, without changing either the activity of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase or the microsomal content of cytochrome b5 [22].
• Hepatic expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1, ATP-citrate lyase, fatty acid synthase, malic enzyme, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and stearoyl-CoA (Delta9) desaturase 1 genes in ad libitum birds declined from their highest levels just before photostimulation as the birds came into and maintained egg production [23].
• The extent of stimulation by albumin increased with chain length of the substrate up to lauroyl-CoA and then decreased as chain length increased; albumin inhibited the hydrolysis of stearoyl-CoA [24].

Gene context of stearoyl-CoA

• Inhibition by Stearoyl CoA and glucokinase regulatory protein and thermal stability were assayed for all mutants kinetically similar to wild-type glucokinase [25].
• A stearoyl-CoA-specific Delta 9 fatty acid desaturase from the basidiomycete Lentinula edodes [26].
• We found that the two phenotypes of the nhr-49 knockout were linked to distinct pathways and were separable: The high-fat phenotype was due to reduced expression of enzymes in fatty acid beta-oxidation, and the shortened adult life span resulted from impaired expression of a stearoyl-CoA desaturase [27].
• Posttranslational iron insertion into the apoproteins, either in vitro with membrane preparations or by iron addition during induction, results in the formation of active holoenzyme which can be reconstituted with NADH cytochrome b5 reductase and cytochrome b5 to form an active stearyl-CoA desaturase system [12].
• Characterization of the interaction of amphipathic cytochrome b5 with stearyl coenzyme A desaturase and NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of stearoyl-CoA

• New sequence analyses indicate that at least 11 nonheme integral-membrane enzymes, including AlkB, contain the 8-histidine motif required for catalytic activity in stearoyl-CoA desaturase [29].
• Stearyl-CoA desaturation capacity of the rat liver during regeneration after partial hepatectomy [30].
• The difference of adaptation capability between milkfish and grass carp under cold stress is further evidenced by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression [31].

References