Disease relevance of anisodamine

• Beneficial effect of anisodamine in hemorrhagic shock [1].
• Anisodamine , an alkaloid extracted from Anisodus tanguticus , is widely used in China in the treatment of septic shock, but its mechanism of action is unknown [1].
• Anisodamine, a Chinese traditional medicine herb, has been used for treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome effectively, but little is known about its mechanism [2].
• We used anisodamine in a rabbit model with ischemia and reperfusion injury of hind limb muscles [3].
• Because cytokines, in particular TNF-alpha, contribute to the pathologic process in Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection, this study suggested that anisodamine could be a potential drug for treatment of STEC infection [4].

High impact information on anisodamine

• Anisodamine proved a modest inhibitor of granulocyte aggregation and a powerful inhibitor of platelet aggregation; thromboxane synthesis was inhibited in anisodamine-treated platelets, further suggesting that the biochemical mode of action might be inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase or thromboxane synthetase [5].
• Anisodamine causes acyl chain interdigitation in phosphatidylglycerol [6].
• At 3 mM anisodamine, the delta H of DPPG reaches 9.6 kcal/mol [6].
• It is concluded that both anisodamine and to a lesser extent anisodine possess alpha 1-adrenoceptor blocking properties; this antagonistic activity of anisodamine may contribute to its salutary effects on the microcirculation [7].
• This study demonstrated a direct cardiac depressive action of anisodamine at the myocyte level, which may be related to, at least in part, NO production and cholinoceptor antagonism [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of anisodamine

• The effects of anisodamine and dobutamine on gut mucosal blood flow during gut ischemia/ reperfusion [9].
• Anisodamine, an anticholinergic drug, is widely used in China for treatment of infants with septic shock and has been reported to inhibit thromboxane synthesis in cultured cells [10].
• Since we begin with the drug as a routine medication for the symptomatic treatment of renal failure, DIC bleeding, and microcirculatory failure, we should say that the specific antivenin and anisodamine are two treasure drugs for snakebites [11].
• Effects of anisodamine on plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in rat with septic shock [12].
• Hemodynamic and nonhemodynamic mechanisms of experimental pulmonary edema in rats and the effect of anisodamine and tetramethylpyrazine. Part 1: Survival rate, pulmonary index, pathological change and pulmonary vascular permeability [13].

Biological context of anisodamine

• Pretreatment with anisodamine increased heart rate from 163 +/- 15 to 289 +/- 10 beats.min-1 and cardiac index from 195 +/- 15 to 238 +/- 14 mL.min-1.kg-1 before endotoxin infusion [14].
• Thus, the beneficial effect of anisodamine probably is not due to vasodilation of the splanchnic vasculature [1].
• Various agents have been applied to lower peripheral resistance and cardiac workload, one of which, anisodamine, is widely used in Asia. However, the direct action of anisodamine on cardiac contractile property is essentially unknown [8].
• In order to investigate the enantiomeric pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of synthetic anisodamine (654-2), a cholinoceptor antagonist widely used in clinic in China, it has been preparatively separated into two racemates (I and II) by using ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column [15].
• Anisodamine dose-dependently inhibited this LPS-induced upregulation of PAI-1 and TF [16].

Anatomical context of anisodamine

• Protective effect of anisodamine on cultured bovine pulmonary endothelial cell injury induced by oxygen-free radicals [2].
• Anisodamine did not increase superior mesenteric artery flow ( SMAF ) in this model of hemorrhagic shock as there was no significant difference in SMAF between the two shocked groups [1].
• This study was designed to examine the influence of anisodamine on ventricular contractile function at the single cardiac myocyte level [8].
• Anisodamine acted directly on both monocytes and T cells in human PBMCs, and the effect was confirmed at the transcriptional level [17].
• Protective effect of anisodamine on reperfusion injury of skeletal muscles in rabbit [3].

Associations of anisodamine with other chemical compounds

• The non-interdigitated DPPG multilamellar vesicles formed in HEPES buffer show clear fluidity gradient in their acyl chains, whereas the fluidity gradients are completely abolished in the presence of anisodamine [6].
• Anisodamine inhibits cardiac contraction and intracellular Ca(2+) transients in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes [8].
• Results showed that the maximum inhibitory rates of Sco, Atr, AT(3), and Ani on gastric emptying and small intestinal movement were 29.78, 40.69, 12.30, and 17.99% and 51.98, 58.46, 46.51, and 46.22%, respectively [18].
• In this study we aimed to investigate whether the therapeutic efficacy of anisodamine in the treatment of bacteraemic shock could--at least in part--be brought about by its direct interference with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of endothelial cells [16].
• The effects of anisodamine on acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation were studied in organ chambers and under bioassay conditions [19].

Gene context of anisodamine

• In this study we examined the effect of anisodamine, a vasoactive drug, on TNF-alpha production in Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2)-stimulated human monocytic cells in vitro and in Stx2-injected mice sera in vivo [20].
• Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that anisodamine suppressed Stx1-mediated TNF-alpha mRNA expression [4].
• Thus, we provide evidence that anisodamine counteracts endothelial cell activation by inhibiting LPS-induced PAI-1 and TF expression in these cells [16].
• Furthermore, we could show by EMSA that anisodamine completely abolished LPS-induced NF-kappa B DNA binding activity in nuclear extracts from HUVEC treated with LPS together with anisodamine [16].
• Anisodamine inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines better than interleukin-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of anisodamine

• AIM: To determine if anisodamine is able to augment mucosal perfusion during gut I/R ischemia-reperfusion [9].
• For in vivo evaluations, C57BL/6 mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of anisodamine (1 mg) or saline solution after intraperitoneal injection of Stx1 (2.75 microg/kg) [4].
• Anisodamine, an anticholinergic drug, was then given in six burn patients with comparable burn size and amount of fluid replenishment with the eight patients in the control group [21].
• Reduction of granulocyte-mediated lung injury in canine cardiopulmonary bypass by anisodamine infusion [22].
• In conclusion, it is believed that anisodamine might be a valuable adjunct to the resuscitation regime of burn shock, and, therefore, a promising drug to abate endogenous endotoxaemia subsequent to splanchnic vasoconstriction due to hypovolaemia [21].

References