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Chemical Compound Review

THIOURIDINE     1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4- dihydroxy-5...

Synonyms: AC1MHUF8, CHEBI:20480, CTK4C1864, LS-187054, LS-187666, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of THIOURIDINE

 

High impact information on THIOURIDINE

  • To probe their interactions within the active center of the mammalian spliceosome, substrates containing a single photoactivatable 4-thiouridine residue adjacent to either splice site were synthesized, and crosslinks were induced during the course of in vitro splicing [6].
  • Selective photoactivation of the 4-thiouridine residue after incubation of either substrate under splicing conditions in HeLa nuclear extract resulted in cross-links to the U5 snRNA and the U5 snRNP protein p220 [7].
  • To unravel the region of human eukaryotic release factor 1 (eRF1) that is close to stop codons within the ribosome, we used mRNAs containing a single photoactivatable 4-thiouridine (s(4)U) residue in the first position of stop or control sense codons [8].
  • Precursor RNAs containing 4-thiouridine at specific sites were used with UV-crosslinking to map the binding sites of the yeast protein splicing factor PRP8 [9].
  • We report the selective reduction of the 5,6 double bond of 4-thiouridine at position 8 in Escherichia coli tyrosine tRNA, so as to prevent formation of the presumed covalent enzyme-nucleic acid adduct [10].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of THIOURIDINE

 

Biological context of THIOURIDINE

  • A comparison of the respective rotational correlation time (tau c) values of three differently located spin labels, indicates that upon aminoacylation of tRNAPhe, the 4-thiouridine residue region and the miniloop region become more flexible, while the environment of the anticodon loop is not affected [16].
  • Substrate specificity for 4-thiouridine modification in Escherichia coli [17].
  • The interaction between mRNA and Escherichia coli ribosomes has been studied by photochemical cross-linking using mRNA analogues that contain 4-thiouridine (s4U) or s4U modified with azidophenylacyl bromide (APAB), either two nucleotides upstream or eight nucleotides downstream from the nucleotide sequence ACC, the codon for tRNA(Thr) [18].
  • In addition, preliminary thermal denaturation studies of tRNAf(Met), monitoring 4-thiouridine emission and energy transfer to Tb3+, indicate an unexplained melting phenomenon near 25 degrees C in the presence of Mg2+ [19].
  • The photobinding kinetics for 8MOP-tRNA showed an apparent induction period or sigmoidal kinetic curve, indicating a specific initial photobinding site on tRNA which was identified as 4-thiouridine at position 8 from the 5'-end of Escherichia coli tRNA [20].
 

Anatomical context of THIOURIDINE

 

Associations of THIOURIDINE with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of THIOURIDINE

  • Roles of the relA(+) gene and of 4-thiouridine in near-ultraviolet (344 nm) radiation inhibition of induced synthesis of tryptophanase in Escherichia coli B/r [29].
  • We previously found that the iscS gene, a member of the nifS cysteine desulfurase gene family, is required for 4-thiouridine biosynthesis in E. coli [30].
  • Furthermore, crosslinking of thiouridine-labeled BiP IRES-containing RNA to cellular proteins identified the specific binding of two proteins, p60 and p95, to the 3'half of the BiP 5'NCR [31].
  • Analysis of RNA pulse-labeled with thiouridine followed by purification of the thiol-labeled RNA using mercurated agarose indicated that GH probably acts by increasing IGF-I transcription [32].
  • Five species of tRNAfMet labeled with a single fluorophore are prepared to analyze the conformational changes at the 3'-end, at dihydrouridine, and at thiouridine in tRNAfMet upon binding of methionyl-tRNA synthetase [33].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of THIOURIDINE

References

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  2. Site-specific crosslinking of 4-thiouridine-modified human tRNA(3Lys) to reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency virus type I. Mishima, Y., Steitz, J.A. EMBO J. (1995) [Pubmed]
  3. Hypoxia increases rate of transcription and stability of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Czyzyk-Krzeska, M.F., Furnari, B.A., Lawson, E.E., Millhorn, D.E. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  4. Binding interactions between yeast tRNA ligase and a precursor transfer ribonucleic acid containing two photoreactive uridine analogues. Tanner, N.K., Hanna, M.M., Abelson, J. Biochemistry (1988) [Pubmed]
  5. Examination of the folding pathway of the antigenomic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme reveals key interactions of the L3 loop. Reymond, C., Ouellet, J., Bisaillon, M., Perreault, J.P. RNA (2007) [Pubmed]
  6. The U5 and U6 small nuclear RNAs as active site components of the spliceosome. Sontheimer, E.J., Steitz, J.A. Science (1993) [Pubmed]
  7. Site-specific cross-linking of mammalian U5 snRNP to the 5' splice site before the first step of pre-mRNA splicing. Wyatt, J.R., Sontheimer, E.J., Steitz, J.A. Genes Dev. (1992) [Pubmed]
  8. The invariant uridine of stop codons contacts the conserved NIKSR loop of human eRF1 in the ribosome. Chavatte, L., Seit-Nebi, A., Dubovaya, V., Favre, A. EMBO J. (2002) [Pubmed]
  9. Extensive interactions of PRP8 protein with the 5' and 3' splice sites during splicing suggest a role in stabilization of exon alignment by U5 snRNA. Teigelkamp, S., Newman, A.J., Beggs, J.D. EMBO J. (1995) [Pubmed]
  10. Covalent enzyme-RNA complex: a tRNA modification that prevents a covalent enzyme interaction also prevents aminoacylation. Starzyk, R., Schoemaker, H., Schimmel, P. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1985) [Pubmed]
  11. Tetrakis(acetoxymercuri)methane: a polymetallic reagent for labeling sulfur in nucleic acids. Strothkamp, K.G., Lehmann, J., Lippard, S.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1978) [Pubmed]
  12. The iscS gene in Escherichia coli is required for the biosynthesis of 4-thiouridine, thiamin, and NAD. Lauhon, C.T., Kambampati, R. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  13. Introduction of antigenic determining 2,4-dinitrophenyl residues into 4-thiouridine, N3-(3-L-amino-3-carboxypropyl) uridine and tRNA-Phe from E. coli. Seela, F., Hansske, F., Watanabe, K., Cramer, F. Nucleic Acids Res. (1977) [Pubmed]
  14. Covalent coupling of 4-thiouridine in the initiator methionine tRNA to specific lysine residues in Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase. Leon, O., Schulman, L.H. Biochemistry (1987) [Pubmed]
  15. Pattern of 4-thiouridine-induced cross-linking in 16S ribosomal RNA in the Escherichia coli 30S subunit. Nanda, K., Wollenzien, P. Biochemistry (2004) [Pubmed]
  16. Evidence for a conformational change in tRNAPhe upon aminoacylation. Caron, M., Brisson, N., Dugas, H. J. Biol. Chem. (1976) [Pubmed]
  17. Substrate specificity for 4-thiouridine modification in Escherichia coli. Lauhon, C.T., Erwin, W.M., Ton, G.N. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  18. Distribution of cross-links between mRNA analogues and 16 S rRNA in Escherichia coli 70 S ribosomes made under equilibrium conditions and their response to tRNA binding. Juzumiene, D.I., Shapkina, T.G., Wollenzien, P. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) [Pubmed]
  19. Lanthanide fluorescence studies of transfer RNAf(met) conformation. Pavlick, D., Formoso, C. Biochemistry (1978) [Pubmed]
  20. Photobinding of 8-methoxypsoralen to transfer RNA and 5-fluorouracil-enriched transfer RNA. Ou, C.N., Song, P.S. Biochemistry (1978) [Pubmed]
  21. Male germ cells regulate transcription of the cathepsin l gene by rat Sertoli cells. Zabludoff, S.D., Charron, M., DeCerbo, J.N., Simukova, N., Wright, W.W. Endocrinology (2001) [Pubmed]
  22. A 100-kD complex of two RNA-binding proteins from mitochondria of Leishmania tarentolae catalyzes RNA annealing and interacts with several RNA editing components. Aphasizhev, R., Aphasizheva, I., Nelson, R.E., Simpson, L. RNA (2003) [Pubmed]
  23. Pharmacodynamic basis for the interaction of cimetidine with the bone marrow stem cells (CFUS). Byron, J.W. Exp. Hematol. (1980) [Pubmed]
  24. Effects of uridine, isomatitol and 4-thiouridine on in vitro cell adhesion and in vivo effects of 4-thiouridine in a lung inflammation model. Uppugunduri, S., Gautam, C. Int. Immunopharmacol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  25. New RNA-protein crosslinks in domains 1 and 2 of E. coli 30S ribosomal subunits obtained by means of an intrinsic photoaffinity probe. Hajnsdorf, E., Favre, A., Expert-Bezançon, A. Nucleic Acids Res. (1989) [Pubmed]
  26. Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription rate and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA stability by cyclic AMP and glucocorticoid. Fossom, L.H., Sterling, C.R., Tank, A.W. Mol. Pharmacol. (1992) [Pubmed]
  27. Three conserved guanosines approach the reaction site in native and minimal hammerhead ribozymes. Lambert, D., Heckman, J.E., Burke, J.M. Biochemistry (2006) [Pubmed]
  28. Thermodynamics of RNA-RNA duplexes with 2- or 4-thiouridines: implications for antisense design and targeting a group I intron. Testa, S.M., Disney, M.D., Turner, D.H., Kierzek, R. Biochemistry (1999) [Pubmed]
  29. Roles of the relA(+) gene and of 4-thiouridine in near-ultraviolet (344 nm) radiation inhibition of induced synthesis of tryptophanase in Escherichia coli B/r. Sharma, R.C., Wingo, R.J., Jagger, J. Photochem. Photobiol. (1981) [Pubmed]
  30. Requirement for IscS in biosynthesis of all thionucleosides in Escherichia coli. Lauhon, C.T. J. Bacteriol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  31. Location of the internal ribosome entry site in the 5' non-coding region of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP) mRNA: evidence for specific RNA-protein interactions. Yang, Q., Sarnow, P. Nucleic Acids Res. (1997) [Pubmed]
  32. Expression of insulin-like growth factor I in cultured rat hepatocytes: effects of insulin and growth hormone. Johnson, T.R., Blossey, B.K., Denko, C.W., Ilan, J. Mol. Endocrinol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  33. Methionyl-tRNA synthetase induced 3'-terminal and delocalized conformational transition in tRNAfMet: steady-state fluorescence of tRNA with a single fluorophore. Ferguson, B.Q., Yang, D.C. Biochemistry (1986) [Pubmed]
  34. The environment of 5S rRNA in the ribosome: cross-links to 23S rRNA from sites within helices II and III of the 5S molecule. Osswald, M., Brimacombe, R. Nucleic Acids Res. (1999) [Pubmed]
  35. Time-resolved absorption, circular dichroism, and emission of tRNA. Evidence that the photo-cross-linking of 4-thiouridine in tRNA occurs from the triplet state. Milder, S.J., Weiss, P.S., Kliger, D.S. Biochemistry (1989) [Pubmed]
  36. Agonist and cyclic AMP-mediated regulation of beta 1-adrenergic receptor mRNA and gene transcription in rat C6 glioma cells. Hosoda, K., Feussner, G.K., Rydelek-Fitzgerald, L., Fishman, P.H., Duman, R.S. J. Neurochem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  37. High-molecular-weight forms of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and tRNA modification enzymes in Escherichia coli. Harris, C.L. J. Bacteriol. (1990) [Pubmed]
 
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