Disease relevance of Anuvex

• Anaphylaxis to oxybenzone, a frequent constituent of sunscreens [1].
• Ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity in relation to padimate O and oxybenzone [2].
• Photoallergic contact dermatitis to oxybenzone [3].
• 1 case of contact urticaria from benzophenone-3 was accidentally found [4].
• Photoallergic contact cheilitis due to oxybenzone found in a lip cosmetic [5].

High impact information on Anuvex

• We investigated whether the three sunscreens benzophenone-3 (BP-3), octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC), and 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor (4-MBC) were absorbed and influenced endogenous reproductive hormone levels in humans after topical application [6].
• Oxybenzone oxidation following solar irradiation of skin: photoprotection versus antioxidant inactivation [7].
• Ultraviolet radiation-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity in relation to Padimate O and oxybenzone [8].
• Earlier studies have shown that the comonomer triethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and the photostabilizer 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMBP) are cytotoxic and inhibit cell growth [9].
• Percutaneous absorption of the sunscreen benzophenone-3 after repeated whole-body applications, with and without ultraviolet irradiation [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Anuvex

• CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that PGE2-production is reduced by oxybenzone in vitro and that the use of oxybenzone in a dentifrice reduces gingivitis in vivo [11].
• Contact dermatitis and prolonged photosensitivity induced by ketoprofen and associated with sensitivity to benzophenone-3 [12].
• METHODS: To evaluate the spectrum of cross sensitization, photopatch testing was performed on five patients with ketoprofen-induced photoallergic contact dermatitis using ketoprofen and other structurally similar chemicals, such as oxybenzone, tiaprofenic acid and suprofen [13].
• In our patient, immediate- and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions were seen to oxybenzone (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-benzoyl-5-methoxyphenol, benzophenone-3, Eusolex 4360, Escalol 567, EUSORB 228, Spectra-Sorb UV-9, Uvinul M-40) upon conventional patch testing and photopatch testing [14].

Biological context of Anuvex

• Although oxybenzone is an excellent broad spectrum UVA filter, its rapid oxidation followed by the inactivation of important antioxidant systems indicates that this substance may be rather harmful to the homeostasis of the epidermis [7].
• Gas chromatographic determination of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and octyldimethyl-p-aminobenzoic acid sunscreen agents in swimming pool and bathing waters by solid-phase microextraction [15].
• Patch testing, photopatch testing, phototesting, and histology produced findings strongly suggestive of oxybenzone photoallergy [3].
• Pharmacokinetics of benzophenone-3 after oral exposure in male rats [16].
• To detect benzophenone-3 in rat whole blood after oral administration, HCl hydrolysis was required [17].

Anatomical context of Anuvex

• Permeation of DEET and oxybenzone across the test membranes was synergistically increased when both the repellent and the sunscreen formulations were applied simultaneously [18].
• Metabolism of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone in isolated rat hepatocytes and xenoestrogenic effects of its metabolites on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells [19].
• Expression of osteoblast marker genes in rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells, and effects of the endocrine disrupters diphenylolpropane, benzophenone-3, resveratrol and silymarin [20].
• MATERIAL AND METHODS: Human embryo palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells were used for testing the inhibition of IL-1beta-stimulated PGE2-production in vitro by different concentrations of oxybenzone [11].
• This report describes rapid analytical HPLC for the quantification of five UV filters (octyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, octyl triazone and octocrylene) and of caffeine in various skin layers (stratum corneum, dermis, epidermis and receptor fluid) and in cosmetic preparations [21].

Associations of Anuvex with other chemical compounds

• CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent application of commercially available repellent and sunscreen products resulted in significant synergistic percutaneous permeation of the repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone in vitro [22].
• Assay of mixtures of padimate-O and oxybenzone in sunscreen formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography [23].
• The UV filters that showed estrogenic effects (benzophenone-3, Bp-3; 3-benzylidene camphor, 3-BC; homosalate, HMS; and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 4-MBC) were found to be antagonists toward the AR and PR [24].
• Photolysis of retinol in liposomes and its protection with tocopherol and oxybenzone [25].
• Ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), octyl p-dimethylaminobenzoate (PABA) and oxybenzone (OB) inhibited cell growth and DNA synthesis and retarded cycle progression from G1 in the dose range 25-100 micrograms/mL [26].

Gene context of Anuvex

• These results indicate that UVB photo-oxidation of oxybenzone (the UVA filter in SPF24) may deactivate thioredoxin reductase in more pigmented members of the population by Michael addition of oxybenzone semiquinone to the thiolate active site of this enzyme [27].
• Effects of estradiol, benzophenone-2 and benzophenone-3 on the expression pattern of the estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta, the estrogen receptor-related receptor 1 (ERR1) and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in adult ovariectomized rats [28].
• The metabolism and cytotoxicity of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMB) in isolated rat hepatocytes and the xenoestrogenic activity of HMB and its metabolites in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and an estrogen receptor competitive binding assay have been studied, respectively [19].
• The samples, emulsions containing benzophenone-3 (B-3), octyl methoxycinnamate (OM) and Phycocorail, were stored at 10, 25, 35 and 45 degrees C and representative samples were analyzed after 2, 7, 30, 60 and 90 days period [29].
• The effects of four endocrine disruptors: resveratrol, diphenylolpropane (bisphenol-A; BSP), benzophenone-3 (BP3) and silymarin on the secretory and proliferative activity of rat adrenocortical cells were investigated in vitro [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anuvex

• We used noninvasive Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy to follow the fate of the broadly used ultraviolet UVA sun blocker, oxybenzone, after topical application to the skin [7].
• Sunscreen formulations containing oxybenzone were analyzed by the proposed methods and results compared with those obtained by HPLC [31].
• Safety evaluation of benzophenone-3 after dermal administration in rats [32].
• In the clinical trial, a 25% reduction of gingival index was observed in the oxybenzone group (p<0.001) after 6 weeks as compared with 2% for the placebo group [11].
• OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of oxybenzone on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in cell culture and to evaluate the effect of an oxybenzone-containing dentifrice on plaque and gingivitis in a 6-week clinical trial [11].

References