Disease relevance of Tyr-tyr

• Plasma levels of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were reduced 80% (P less than 0.01) but peptide tyrosine/tyrosine and enteroglucagon in plasma were increased 290 and 526% respectively in hamsters with intussusception [1].
• Peptide tyrosine tyrosine-positive ovarian carcinoid tumor arising from a dermoid cyst [2].

High impact information on Tyr-tyr

• A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the new intestinal hormonal peptide tyrosine tyrosine [peptide YY (PYY)] [3].
• The primary structure of the peptide was established as Tyr-Pro-Pro-Lys-Pro-Glu-Ser-Pro-Gly-Glu10-Asp-Ala-Ser-Pro-Glu-Glu- Met-Asn- Lys-Tyr20-Leu-Thr-Ala-Leu-Arg-His-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Leu30-Val-Thr- Arg-Gln-Arg-Tyr-NH2 . This unusual peptide, named skin peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (SPYY), exhibits 94% similarity with PYY from the frog Rana ridibunda [4].
• In the present studies we examined the distribution, release, and biological actions of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) in the rat [5].
• Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is also enhanced by a factor from the ileum, probably peptide tyrosine-tyrosine [6].
• Effects of bolus doses of fat on small intestinal structure and on release of gastrin, cholecystokinin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and enteroglucagon [7].

Biological context of Tyr-tyr

• A second peptide of the neuropeptide Y family was identified in the trout brain and this component was structurally similar to peptide tyrosine-tyrosine previously isolated from frog intestine (six amino acid substitutions) and identical to a peptide isolated from the pancreas of the closely related species, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho salmon) [8].
• The gut hormone peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY), which is released postprandially from the gastrointestinal tract, has recently been shown to be a physiological regulator of food intake [9].
• Peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels were however significantly increased by URO-EGF, indicating that PYY may possibly have a role in the modulation of intestinal cell proliferation [10].

Anatomical context of Tyr-tyr

• Two molecular forms of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) have been isolated from an extract of the pancreas of this species and two molecular forms of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) from the intestine [11].
• These cells proved to be argyrophilic and were identified as enterochromaffin cells and peptide tyrosine tyrosine cells by immunohistochemistry [12].
• PURPOSE: This study evaluates peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), intestinal transit, fecal retention time, and anal sphincter manometry in colectomized patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis [13].
• In contrast to these three enzymes, both L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosine-sensitive dipeptidyl aminopeptidase and D-phenylalanine-sensitive carboxypeptidase were suggested not to be involved significantly in the inactivation of exogenously given enkephalin in rat vas deferens [14].
• Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin-14, and three structurally related molecular forms of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) were isolated from an extract of the combined pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of the pallid sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus albus [15].

Associations of Tyr-tyr with other chemical compounds

• Immunostaining for different peptide-containing cells resulted in normal number and morphology of serotonin, enteroglucagon, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and somatostatin-containing cells [16].
• In contrast to these three enzymes, both L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosine-sensitive dipeptidyl aminopeptidase and D-phenylalanine-sensitive carboxypeptidase are indicated not to be involved significantly in the degradation of exogenously added enkephalins in the guinea-pig ileum [17].
• Within the female reproductive apparatus pancreatic polypeptide, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, neuropeptide Y, substance P, neurokinin A, eledoisin, FMRFamide and gastrin/cholecystokinin immunoreactive fibres and somata were observed in the oviduct, vitelline reservoir and ovovitelline duct [18].

Gene context of Tyr-tyr

• The data indicate that a peptide analogous to mammalian neuropeptide Y is present in the brain of teleost fish and a peptide analogous to mammalian peptide tyrosine-tyrosine is present in brain, gastrointestinal tissue and pancreas [8].
• It is suggested that the NPY-related peptide present in the pancreas of elasmobranch and teleost fish represents the piscine equivalent of mammalian peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) [19].
• Immunostained serial sections and cross-absorption experiments with related peptides, including avian and bovine pancreatic polypeptide and peptide tyrosine tyrosine, excluded any cross-reactivity [20].
• The only hormones which become raised in a similar pattern are enteroglucagon and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) [21].
• Expression of ileal glucagon and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine genes. Response to inhibition of polyamine synthesis in the presence of massive small-bowel resection [22].

References