Disease relevance of

• As this drug is being tested for the treatment of HIV infections, these data provide at least one immunologic mechanism by which acemannan may be clinically salutory [1].
• Pilot study of the effect of acemannan in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus [2].
• Decreased mortality of Norman murine sarcoma in mice treated with the immunomodulator, Acemannan [3].
• Eight dogs and five cats with histopathologically confirmed fibrosarcomas were treated with Acemannan Immunostimulanta in combination with surgery and radiation therapy [4].
• Studies of the effect of acemannan on retrovirus infections: clinical stabilization of feline leukemia virus-infected cats [5].

High impact information on

• (2) The second group aims to restore the defective immune system; it includes thymosin (thymopentin), interleukin-2, cyclosporine, plasmapheresis, bone marrow transplantation, inosine, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, methionine-enkephalin and carrisyn [6].
• In the presence of IFNgamma, acemannan induced apoptosis in RAW 264 [7].
• These results suggest that acemannan causes the activation of macrophages by increasing the level of NO synthase at the level of transcription [8].
• Acemannan, a beta-(1,4)-acetylated mannan, induces nitric oxide production in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 [8].
• Acemannan, in the presence of interferon-gamma, greatly increased the synthesis of NO in RAW 264.7 cells [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of

• This study indicates that the acemannan hydrogel dressing is as effective as, but is not superior to, a moist saline gauze wound dressing for the management of pressure ulcers [9].

Biological context of

• Comparison of binding between seven different strains of P.aeruginosa indicated that fewer mucoid than non-mucoid bacteria adhered, but binding of either phenotype was inhibited by acemannan [10].
• These results suggest that acemannan may function, at least in part, through macrophage activation [11].
• The results of the present study indicate that short term exposure of MO to acemannan upregulates the RB, phagocytosis and candidicidal activity [12].
• Acemannan showed no significant effect on p24 antigen and quantitative virology [13].

Anatomical context of

• Inhibition required continued contact between acemannan and the target epithelial cells; cells washed free of acemannan no longer discouraged bacterial binding [10].
• There was a dose-related, statistical increase in killer T-cell generation produced by acemannan in the clinically relevant dose range [1].
• To investigate whether acemannan directly stimulated the generation of Tc from primary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), the drug was added at the initiation of the MLC [1].
• The impact of acemannan on the generation and function of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes [1].
• Since the drug appears to enhance monocyte function in other experiments, these studies were designed to test the capacity of acemannan to enhance immune response to alloantigen and to test whether the potential enhancement is a monocyte driven phenomenon [14].

Associations of with other chemical compounds

• Since prior treatment of epithelial cells with concanavalin A did not affect acemannan-induced inhibition of bacterial adherence, we concluded that the inhibitory effect of acemannan probably does not involve mannose-containing receptors [10].
• Nitric oxide production, cell morphologic changes and surface antigen expression were increased in response to stimulation by a mixture of acemannan and IFN-gamma [11].
• The SaliCept Patch is a freeze-dried pledget that contains Acemannan Hydrogel (Carrington Laboratories) obtained from the clear inner gel of Aloe vera L [15].
• This complex polysaccharide is extracted from Aloe vera (barbadensis Miller); the technical material contains approximately 78% acemannan [16].
• Many other investigational agents in disparate pharmaceutical categories have been employed in IBD therapy; and some of these also show varying degrees of promise, including the aloe vera derivative acemannan, several formulations of heparin, and both transdermal and intra-rectal nicotine [17].

Gene context of

• Immature DCs were generated from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells by culturing in a medium supplemented with GM-CSF and IL-4, and then stimulated with acemannan, sulfated acemannan, and LPS, respectively [18].
• The production of the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha were dependent on the dose of acemannan provided [11].
• Acemannan, the major carbohydrate component from aloe, used at 200 microg/mL in the macrophage assay resulted in negligible NF-kappa B activation [19].
• Our results demonstrate that acemannan at an oral daily dose of 1600 mg does not prevent the decline in CD4 count characteristic of progressive HIV disease [13].
• It was found that acemannan could stimulate macrophage cytokine production, nitric oxide release, surface molecule expression, and cell morphologic changes [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of

• CARN 750 (injectable acemannan) is a polydispersed beta-(1,4)-linked acetylated mannan isolated from the Aloe barbadensis plant [20].
• Analysis of acemannan and Aloeride using size-exclusion chromatography suggests that the low activity of acemannan is due to trace amounts of Aloeride [19].
• Acemannan (ACM 1), a beta-(1,4) -acetylated mannan isolated from Aloe vera, can be used as an effective adjuvant in vaccination against some avian viral diseases [21].
• Subchronic oral administration of acemannan in the rat and dog [16].
• An extract from the parenchyma of Aloe barbadensis Miller shown to contain long chain polydispersed beta (1,4)-linked mannan polymers with random O-acetyl groups (acemannan, Carrisyn) was found to initiate the phagocyte production of monokines that supported antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and stimulated blastogenesis in thymocytes [3].

References