Disease relevance of Diiodothyronine

• Simultaneous kinetic studies of 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) and T3 were performed in 8 patients with biopsy proven cirrhosis and in 15 healthy subjects using the single injection, noncompartmental approach [1].
• Simultaneous turnover studies of thyroxine, 3,5,3' and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, 3,5-, 3,3'-, and 3',5'- diiodothyronine, and 3'-monoiodothyronine in chronic renal failure [2].
• Elevated 3,5-diiodothyronine concentrations in the sera of patients with nonthyroidal illnesses and brain tumors [3].
• The results suggest that monoidotyrosine concentration is increased and diiodothyronine decreased in the experimental group of rats with renal failure [4].
• Peripheral metabolism of T4, T3, reverse T3, 3',5'- diiodothyronine and 3,3' diiodothyronine in liver cirrhosis [5].

High impact information on Diiodothyronine

• Furthermore, OATP-F-mediated T(4) uptake could be cis-inhibited by L-T(4) and D-T(4), but not by 3,5-diiodothyronine, indicating that T(4) transport is not stereospecific, but that 3',5'-iodination is important for efficient transport by OATP-F [6].
• High substrate pressure (sigmoidal v/s kinetics), palmitate and 3,5-diiodothyronine (binding to subunit Va) increase also delta p, ROS production and slip but without dephosphorylation of COX [7].
• Simultaneous measurement of 3,5-diiodothyronine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine turnover kinetics in euthyroid hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid subjects [8].
• Radioimmunoassay for 3,5-diiodothyronine and evidence for dependence on conversion from 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine [9].
• Identification of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine-binding proteins in rat liver cytosol by photoaffinity labeling [10].

Biological context of Diiodothyronine

• T4, T3, rT3, and 3,5-diiodothyronine were well within the limits of detection by this procedure at both fetal ages [11].
• Controlled-pore glass particles (CPG) with immobilized diiodothyronine (T2) were then added in excess, to bind AE-anti-T3 possessing two unoccupied binding sites but not AE-anti-T3 bound to one or two T3 molecules [12].
• In addition, an increasing number of studies has revealed that TH active in the regulation of energy metabolism include not only T3, but also other iodothyronines present in the biological fluids, such as 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) [13].
• 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine powerfully reduces adiposity in rats by increasing the burning of fats [14].

Anatomical context of Diiodothyronine

• Short-term effects of thyroid hormones and 3,5-diiodothyronine on membrane transport systems in chick embryo hepatocytes [15].
• The concentrations of the iodothyronine metabolites T(4), T(3), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T(2)), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T(2)), reverse T(3) (rT(3)), 3,3'-T(2) sulfate (3,3'T(2)S), and T(3) sulfate (T(3)S) were measured in 12 regions of the brain, the pituitary gland, and liver in adult male rats [16].
• Direct effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2) on the metabolism of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) were assessed using mitochondria isolated from liver and red muscle [17].
• The effects of 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2, 2.5-10 microg/100 g BW) on cold tolerance, energy expenditure and oxidative capacity of four metabolically very active tissues (brown adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and heart) were determined in hypothyroid, cold-exposed rats [18].
• Injection of L-3,5-diiodothyronine (T2) into rats made hypothyroid by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) increased the respiration rates of subsequently isolated liver mitochondria; this stimulation of respiration by T2 occurred in the presence of cycloheximide and is therefore independent of protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes [19].

Associations of Diiodothyronine with other chemical compounds

• L-Thyroxine and 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine were purified by ion-exchange chromatography [20].
• Rapid stimulation in vitro of rat liver cytochrome oxidase activity by 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine and by 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine [21].
• Since there is evidence that some of the genes whose expression is regulated by T(3) are also sensitive to 3,5-diiodothyronine (T(2)), we used the adult rat hepatocyte model in primary cultures directly exposed to T(2) to evaluate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) expression by Northern and Ligand blot analyses in this study [22].
• Reverse-triiodothyronine (rT3) generated from thyroxine (T4) in vitro at physiological pH (7.4) is very labile and rapidly undergoes further enzymic deiodination to diiodothyronine [23].
• Effect of insulin, prednisolone and diiodothyronine on 3H-uridine intake and localization in Tetrahymena [24].

Gene context of Diiodothyronine

• SULT1C1 activity obtained with T(3) was used as 100%, and the activities with 3,3'-T(2), rT(3), T(4), and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3, 5-T(2)) were 614, 314, 25, and 4%, respectively [25].
• 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine regulates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the rat [26].
• In this study the effects of 3,5-diiodothyronine (T2) on the aforementioned enzymes were examined and compared with those of T3 [26].
• We demonstrate specific binding of labelled 3,5-diiodothyronine to subunit Va of cytochrome-c oxidase from bovine heart [27].
• Metabolically inactive analogues (reverse T3, diiodothyronine) have no effect on skin EGF levels [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diiodothyronine

• A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3,5-diiodothyronine [29].
• We examined the effects of hapten heterology on triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) immunoassays configured with protein-conjugated diiodothyronine (T2), T3 or T4, using acridinium ester (AE) as a chemiluminescent label and paramagnetic particles (PMP) as a solid phase [30].
• Quantitative light and electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated a dissimilar effect of insulin, prednisolone and diiodothyronine on the incorporation and localization of 3H-uridine in Tetrahymena [24].
• The diiodothyronine content of liothyronine sodium is estimated by liquid chromatography on a Bondapak C18 column with 0.01N sodium perchloratebutanol-acetonitrile (1000 +62 + 188) as the eluting solvent [31].

References