Disease relevance of glucose

• Induction of a non-encephalitogenic type 2 T helper-cell autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis after administration of an altered peptide ligand in a placebo-controlled, randomized phase II trial. The Altered Peptide Ligand in Relapsing MS Study Group [1].
• Apoptotic cell death seems to implicate the Fas/Fas ligand (L) pathway, as reflected by an increase of Fas/Fas L expression on neutrophils treated with EBV and an increase of soluble Fas L, which may function in an autocrine/paracrine pathway to mediate cell death [2].
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Is Required for Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha}-Mediated Sensitization of Human Breast Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy [3].
• PURPOSE: The objective of this phase III study was to determine the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of denileukin diftitox (DAB389IL-2, Ontak [Ligand Pharmaceuticals Inc, San Diego, CA]) in patients with stage Ib to IVa cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) who have previously received other therapeutic interventions [4].
• Postmortem measurements have suggested that Glc content in experimental brain tumors is relatively low [5].

Psychiatry related information on glucose

• The N-Butylcarbamate Derivative of Galantamine Acts as an Allosteric Potentiating Ligand on alpha7 Nicotinic Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons: Clinical Implications for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease [6].

High impact information on glucose

• Second, mutant B cell clones with improved affinity for Ag are positively selected by Ag and CD40 ligand (L) [7].
• Recent in vitro studies have established that activated B cells express OX40 ligand (L), a member of the tumor necrosis factor/nerve growth factor family of cytokines, and become stimulated to proliferate and secrete immunoglobulin (Ig) after cross-linking of OX40L by its counterreceptor OX40, which is expressed on activated T cells [8].
• Anti-CD54 and MHC II mAbs as well as a CD8 alpha-CD40 ligand (L) soluble construct inhibited both the T-dependent induction of Ig secretion, and B cell phenotypic changes [9].
• This was associated with a decrease in the number of high affinity thrombin binding sites on the platelet surface (analysis by "Ligand" program) from 31 per platelet to 12 per platelet (P less than 0.05) [10].
• Transferrin binding to peripheral blood lymphocytes activated by phytohemagglutinin involves a specific receptor. Ligand interaction [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of glucose

• PURPOSE: Bexarotene (Targretin; Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, CA) is a retinoid-X-receptor (RXR)-selective retinoid with preclinical antitumor activity in squamous cell cancers [12].
• Microarrays Reveal Distinct Gene Signatures in the Thymus of Seropositive and Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis Patients and the Role of CC Chemokine Ligand 21 in Thymic Hyperplasia [13].
• Functional expression of the human serotonin 5-HT1A receptor in Escherichia coli. Ligand binding properties and interaction with recombinant G protein alpha-subunits [14].
• Crystal Structures of Salmonella typhimurium Biodegradative Threonine Deaminase and Its Complex with CMP Provide Structural Insights into Ligand-induced Oligomerization and Enzyme Activation [15].
• A Phage Display Screen and Binding Studies with Acetylated Low Density Lipoprotein Provide Evidence for the Importance of the Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-rich (SRCR) Domain in the Ligand-binding Function of MARCO [16].

Biological context of glucose

• The active form of the Pu is stabilized by attachment of the Li to high-affinity internal or low-affinity external allosteric sites [17].
• This study demonstrates that the abnormal up-regulation of apoptogenic receptors, including both Fas ligand (L) and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), by highly malignant myeloma cells is involved in the pathogenesis of the ineffective erythropoiesis and chronic exhaustion of the erythroid matrix [18].
• CD34(+)-derived int-DCs mature in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus CD40 ligand (L) and become capable of CCL21/CCL19-mediated chemotaxis and naive T-cell activation [19].
• Consistent with this, procaspase-14 can be processed in vitro by the death receptor-associated caspase-8 and caspase-10 but not other caspases, and in vivo after stimulation of cells with anti-Fas agonist antibody or Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand [20].
• However, the initial interaction might occur with an open/substrate-bound form of the binding protein, which would then close in contact with MalFG or Tar. Ligand would help stabilize this complex [21].

Anatomical context of glucose

• In vitro analysis showed that L. monocytogenes directly stimulated the activation and maturation of murine dendritic cells [22].
• BACKGROUND: Ligand-induced proteolytic cleavage and internalization of the plasma membrane receptor Notch leads to its activation [23].
• N-Glycosylation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 Regulates Ligand and Heparan Sulfate Co-receptor Binding [24].
• Osteoprotegerin Reduces the Serum Level of Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B Ligand Derived from Osteoblasts [25].
• Binding affinities varied with the state of activation of the macrophages, and KD values ranged from 48 +/- 33 pM (for resident macrophages, Ligand I) to 1020 +/- 90 pM (for activated macrophages, Ligand II) [26].

Associations of glucose with other chemical compounds

• Hyporesponsiveness to Natural Killer T-Cell Ligand {alpha}-Galactosylceramide in Cancer-Bearing State Mediated by CD11b+ Gr-1+ Cells Producing Nitric Oxide [27].
• X-ray Crystal Structures of the Estrogen-related Receptor-{gamma} Ligand Binding Domain in Three Functional States Reveal the Molecular Basis of Small Molecule Regulation [28].
• T Cell Receptor Binding to a pMHCII Ligand Is Kinetically Distinct from and Independent of CD4 [29].
• The Major Glycoprotein Allergen from Arachis hypogaea, Ara h 1, Is a Ligand of Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-Grabbing Nonintegrin and Acts as a Th2 Adjuvant In Vitro [30].
• Interaction of d-tubocurarine analogs with the mouse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Ligand orientation at the binding site [31].

Gene context of glucose

• A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) is a rather new member of that family, named for its capacity to stimulate the proliferation of tumour cells in vitro [32].
• Identification and Characterization of the Precursors Committed to Osteoclasts Induced by TNF-Related Activation-Induced Cytokine/Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B Ligand [33].
• Several laboratories have proposed that expression of Fas ligand (L) by tumor is the basis for this form of T cell tolerance [34].
• METHODS: Ligand-induced activation of the Smad signaling pathway in human dermal fibroblasts was examined by Western blot analysis and confocal immunocytochemistry [35].
• Molecular characterization of the haptoglobin.hemoglobin receptor CD163. Ligand binding properties of the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain region [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of glucose

• These nuclear magnetic resonance measurements of metabolite concentrations are complementary to positron emission tomography, which measures Glc consumption [5].
• Characterization of Donor Dendritic Cells and Enhancement of Dendritic Cell Efflux With cc-Chemokine Ligand 21: A Novel Strategy to Prolong Islet Allograft Survival [37].
• Therapeutic Targeting of CC Ligand 21 or CC Chemokine Receptor 7 Abrogates Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by the Adoptive Transfer of Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts to Immunodeficient Mice [38].
• Normalized (for body surface area) mean MTAC (+/- SD) values were as follows: C, 10.66 +/- 3.74; G, 12.93 +/- 5.02; U, 18.43 +/- 4.02; and P, 14.02 +/- 3.94 [39].
• Functional analysis of the copper-dependent quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase. 1. Ligand-induced coordination changes probed by X-ray crystallography: inhibition, ordering effect, and mechanistic insights [40].

References