Disease relevance of nickel

• Nickel compounds act through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt-dependent, p70(S6k)-independent pathway to induce hypoxia inducible factor transactivation and Cap43 expression in mouse epidermal Cl41 cells [1].
• The p40 increased by 3- to 6-fold the rates at which pol alpha and the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (KF) replicate different DNA templates in response to Ni2+ [2].
• Nickel compounds are recognized to cause nasal and lung cancers [3].
• These results, in conjunction with antibody analyses, clearly indicate that the iron, iron + nickel, and iron + nickel + selenium containing hydrogenases represent three distinct classes of hydrogenase in Desulfovibrio [4].
• The toxicity of the metals increased in the order aluminium < chromium (III) < vanadium < nickel < chromium (VI). alpha-Tocopherol partially prevented nickel-induced toxicity (as assessed by ALP activity), whereas ascorbic acid had no protective effect [5].

High impact information on nickel

• Analysis by gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry of material released from purified G25K by Raney nickel treatment positively identified the covalently bound lipid as an all-trans-geranylgeranyl (C20) isoprenoid moiety [6].
• Gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry analyses of Raney nickel-treated purified gamma 5 and gamma 6 subunits showed that both polypeptides were modified by geranylgeranylation [7].
• Nickel compounds are novel inhibitors of histone H4 acetylation [8].
• We have examined the specificity of this compound toward inhibition of farnesylation of p21ras and the nuclear lamin proteins, prelamin A and lamin B. We have also used the Raney nickel cleavage technique in conjunction with radio-gas liquid chromatography to assess the ability of this compound to block total protein farnesylation [9].
• Consistently, Raney nickel treatment of rhoA p21 released a geranylgeranyl moiety as estimated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [10].

Biological context of nickel

• Hydrogenation over Raney nickel gave the monounsaturated delta8(14) and delta8 compounds [11].
• The product was degraded by reduction with Raney nickel followed by acidic hydrolysis to [1-2H1]ethylamine [12].
• Reductive cyclization of o-nitrobenzylcarbonyl 3 using catalytic Raney nickel gives 1H-indol-2-yl-1H-quinoline 2 in 95% yield [13].
• Nickel compounds cause chromatin condensation and DNA methylation in the transgenic gpt+ Chinese hamster cell line (G12) [14].
• The main cadmium cation sequestration mechanism by the algal biomass was apparently chelation, while the nickel cation sequestration mechanism was mainly ion exchange [15].

Anatomical context of nickel

• We have purified and partially characterized a Ni(2+)-binding protein (p40) from HeLa cell extracts that can specifically enhance the polymerase activity of DNA polymerase alpha (pol alpha) and other DNA polymerases in response to Ni2+ [2].
• Nickel ion (0.66 mM) terminated all spontaneous motility, while only reducing microtubule sliding rates to approximately or equal to 5.0 microns/sec [16].
• Nickel ion transport into vacuoles in a pH gradient-dependent manner is thus important for its detoxification in yeast [17].
• Thus, the purpose of the current study was to assess longer-term effects of ions of silver, copper, mercury, and nickel - four metal ions known to be released from dental alloys - on monocytes [18].
• Nickel compounds are carcinogenic and induce malignant transformation of cultured cells [19].

Associations of nickel with other chemical compounds

• Catalytic hydrogenation of 5-cyano-2-methylpyridine (33) with Raney nickel, followed by treatment with acetic anhydride, gave the amide derivative 35 [20].
• Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group of 4 over Raney nickel in a large volume of ethanol gave the 1-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines (7) [21].
• The method employs a reductive catalyst (Raney nickel) to selectively cleave sulfur-bound adducts so that they may be extracted with an organic solvent, derivatized with heptafluorobutyrylimidazole and measured by GC-ECD or GC-MS [22].
• The sequence consists of the Buchner reaction controlled by a chiral 2,4-pentanediol tether and diastereoselective hydrogenation over Raney nickel [23].
• Adducts of styrene 7,8-oxide (SO) with the blood proteins, Hb and albumin (Alb), were measured following treatment of the proteins with Raney nickel (Ra-Ni) to cleave 2-phenylethanol, which was subsequently assayed [24].

Gene context of nickel

• Gel permeation chromatography of radiolabeled hydrocarbons released from the rac1, rac2, and ralA proteins by reaction with Raney nickel catalyst indicated that unlike p21Hras, which was modified by a 15-carbon moiety, the rac and ralA translation products were modified by 20-carbon isoprenyl groups [25].
• Raney nickel converted both of these thio sugar derivatives into the same product, namely, 1-acetamido-1,2-dideoxy-3,4:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-C-methyl-D-mannito l [26].
• Treatment of aprotinin with Raney nickel in the presence or absence of denaturants yielded [Ala2 14,38]aprotinin [27].
• Vegetative cells were resistant to some extent to various levels of salt (NaCl, < or = 0.8 mol/L), pesticides (DDT, 2,4-D or captan, 2000 ppm) and 'heavy' metals (zinc or nickel, 200 ppm; cobalt, < or = 100 ppm.)[28]

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of nickel

• In addition, we demonstrated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry that treatment of smg p21B with Raney nickel released a geranylgeranyl moiety in a molar ratio of about 1:1 [29].
• Nickel compounds induce cell transformation in cell culture models and tumor formation in experimental animals [30].
• Nickel cation-acetylene complexes of the form Ni(+)(C(2)H(2))(n), Ni(+)(C(2)H(2))Ne, and Ni(+)(C(2)H(2))(n)Ar(m) (n = 1-4) are produced in a molecular beam by pulsed laser vaporization [31].
• Nickel compounds are well established by epidemiologic studies as human carcinogens [32].
• The compounds were isolated by HPLC and identified spectroscopically, by amino acid analysis and Raney-Nickel desulfuration [33].

References