Disease relevance of Benzyl carbinol

• Here we show that a primary translation product (Mr 35,000) can be synthesized in vitro by translation of B. licheniformis mRNA in a EScherichia coli cell-free system, or in vivo, after phenylethyl alcohol treatment of B. licheniformis [1].
• A formulation of 2% cromolyn sodium (CS) ophthalmic solution without the preservative, 2-phenylethanol, was compared with placebo in 58 patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis [2].
• To explore the nature of the olfactory dysfunction associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), 81 PD patients who scored well on a cognitive screening test were administered the 40-odorant University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test; 38 were additionally given a forced-choice phenylethyl alcohol odor detection threshold test [3].
• Effect of phenethyl alcohol on Staphylococcus aureus alpha-lysin production [4].
• Cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis synchronized with phenylethanol were used to determine the order of replication for 10 genes controlling drug resistance [5].

Psychiatry related information on Benzyl carbinol

• Phenylethanol was given at different levels (432, 43, or 4.3 mg/kg) by gavage to pregnant Long-Evans rats during the "critical period" of organogenesis [6].

High impact information on Benzyl carbinol

• A cell-free system, utilizing cells permeabilized with phenethyl alcohol, was established to study the synthesis of msDNA in M. xanthus [7].
• Juvenile coho salmon were exposed to morpholine or phenethyl alcohol (p-alcohol) for 1 1/2 months and then released in Lake Michigan. During the spawning migration 18 months later, morpholine and p-alcohol were metered into separate streams, and the number of morpholine- and p-alcohol-exposed fish returning to each stream was determined [8].
• Despite the centrality of 2-phenylethanol to flavor and fragrance, the plant genes responsible for its synthesis have not been identified [9].
• The processing of both the leucine-specific binding protein and a plasmid-coded beta-lactamase is inhibited by phenethyl alcohol and by the proton ionophore, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) [10].
• The metabolism of phenelzine (2-phenylethylhydrazine) by rat liver microsomes yields phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and ethylbenzene [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Benzyl carbinol

• Translocation and assembly of outer membrance proteins of Escherichia coli. Selective accumulation of precursors and novel assembly intermediates caused by phenethyl alcohol [12].
• The inoculum size dependencies of phenethyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, p-chloro-m-cresol, trichloro-phenol, thymol and dodecyltrimethylammmonium bromide against Staphylococcus aureus were obtained [13].
• Effect of the local anesthetics phenethyl alcohol and procaine on hns mutants of the acid-induced biodegradative arginine (adi) and lysine (cad) decarboxylases of Escherichia coli [14].
• Cultures of the wild strain and auxotrophic mutants of Rhizobium trifolii T37 synchronized by means of phenylethanol have been mutagenized with nitrosoguanidine [15].

Biological context of Benzyl carbinol

• If a biradical intermediate, such as the open-shell singlet state of alpha,3-didehydrotoluene (4), was the only intermediate generated by the cyclization, then reaction with methanol might be expected to afford 2-phenylethanol as the principal product [16].
• The cell cycle thermal-inactivation sensitive stage of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is independent of 2-phenylethanol-induced changes in S phase location [17].
• Biotransformation of tritiated fentanyl in human liver microsomes. Monitoring metabolism using phenylacetic acid and 2-phenylethanol [18].
• The use of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) as a probe for signal sequence-dependent protein translocation in minicells was examined [19].
• Analysis of the ripe fruits' volatiles of chromosome 8 introgressed lines revealed an up to 60-fold increase in the levels of 2-phenylethanol and phenylacetaldehyde, as compared to the cultivated tomato [20].

Anatomical context of Benzyl carbinol

• A precursor of alpha-lysin ca. 3,000 daltons larger than extracellular alpha-lysin was immunologically detected in the sodium dodecyl sulfate extracts of membranes and whole cells of phenethyl alcohol-treated S. aureus cultures [4].
• The continuous administration of CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor) by the intraventricular route, 100 ng/day, to rats over a period of 7 days, results in significant increases of DBH (dopamine beta-hydroxylase) and PNMT (phenethanol N-methyltransferase) activities in the adrenal glands [21].
• Among them, the phenylethanol and the phenylethanol sulfate bromophenols (5-8) showed moderate cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines [22].
• Phenethyl alcohol at a non-bacteriostatic concentration reduces the accumulation of [32-P] phosphate into phospholipids and alters the phospholipid composition of the cell membrane [23].
• 1. There was a marked modification in phospholipid head, as well as fatty acyl group composition in pellicles, mitochondria and microsomes of the phenethyl alcohol-treated cells [24].

Associations of Benzyl carbinol with other chemical compounds

• Biochemical characterization of a purified recombinant benzoyl-CoA:benzyl alcohol/phenylethanol benzoyltransferase protein showed that it can produce benzylbenzoate and phenylethyl benzoate, both present in petunia corollas, with similar catalytic efficiencies [25].
• Novel type of in situ extraction: Use of solvent containing microcapsules for the bioconversion of 2-phenylethanol from L-phenylalanine by Saccharomyces cerevisiae [26].
• A predictive thermodynamic model for the bioreduction of acetophenone to phenethyl alcohol using resting cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [27].
• Fructan and fructose-oligosaccharide (FOS) production in both strains was inducible by reutericyclin, trans-isohumulone, and nigericin at the levels of their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) as well as phenylethanol (6mM) and elevated growth temperatures (45 degrees C), but not by nisin, CCCP or gramicidin [28].
• From a methanolic extract of leaves of Alangium platanifolium var. trilobum, benzyl alcohol xylopyranosyl(1---6)glucopyranoside, phenethyl alcohol xylopyranosyl(1----6)glucopyranoside and Z-hex-3-en-1-ol (aoba alcohol) xylopyranosyl(1----6)glucopyranoside were isolated [29].

Gene context of Benzyl carbinol

• The effects of the local anesthetics phenethyl alcohol (PEA) and procaine (both environmental perturbants) were investigated with lacZ operon fusions to either adi or cad and their respective hns mutants [14].
• METHODS: We assessed olfactory threshold for phenylethyl alcohol in 91 patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis and 80 nonatopic control subjects [30].
• Phenethyl alcohol disorders phospholipid acyl chains and promotes translocation of the mitochondrial precursor protein apocytochrome c across a lipid bilayer [31].
• Precursor forms of periplasmic and outer membrane proteins were accumulated in phenethyl-alcohol-treated cells in membrane fractions [32].
• 2-Phenylethanol, one of the volatiles emitted from their prey's host plants (alfalfa and corn) evoked a significant EAG response from antennae of C. carnea [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Benzyl carbinol

• At baseline the at-risk group performed worse than the control group on the chemosensory measures of phenethyl alcohol smell detection, smell memory, and taste memory, and on a memory measure involving recall of narrative information (Logical Memory I from the Wechsler Memory Scale- Revised) [34].
• The activity of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) on Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, and Streptococcus faecalis was studied by electron microscopy of thin sections and by the assay of intracellular K+ leakage [35].
• Enhancement of 2-phenylethanol productivity by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in two-phase fed-batch fermentations using solvent immobilization [36].
• Immobilization of the organic solvent successfully prevented phase toxicity of the solvent and allowed for an efficient removal of 2-phenylethanol from the bioreactor without the need for prior cell separation [36].
• Exponential cultures of Bordetella pertussis strain 18334 were treated with the membrane-perturbing agent phenethyl alcohol which, at a concentration of 0.075% v/v, blocked the synthesis of mature subunit S1 of pertussis toxin as revealed by Western blotting [37].

References