Disease relevance of ID2

• Importantly, we could not confirm the reported prognostic power of ID2-expression in neuroblastoma [1].
• In seminomas, little or no expression of IDI, ID2, and ID3 was detected, consistent with the uncommitted germ cell-like phenotype of this tumor histology [2].
• Aberrant expression of ID2, a suppressor of B-cell-specific gene expression, in Hodgkin's lymphoma [3].
• We observed large variations in ID2 expression in primary breast cancer, and the protein was localised to both the nucleus and cytoplasm [4].
• ID2, which has an important role in cell development and tumorigenesis, was underexpressed in some adenomas compared to the carcinomas [5].
• When limited to a cohort of hepatitis C virus-related HCCs, patients with low levels of ID2 had significantly shorter disease-free survival time than those with high levels of ID2 [6].

High impact information on ID2

• Similar studies with the endonuclease MspI revealed alleles of many different sizes (the difference was due to an insertion-deletion polymorphism), which we grouped as larger and smaller alleles and designated as ID1 and ID2, respectively [7].
• We show here that ID2, which can inactivate E2A and perhaps PAX5, is not detectable in normal B cells but is strongly and uniformly expressed in HRS cells of all cases of classical HL [3].
• The binding surface on SMRT is mapped to the C-terminal ID2 region, and mutation in the ID2 corepressor motif inhibits the interaction [8].
• Several genes (IGF-BP3, ID2, and ID3) showed similar responses (increased expression) to DBP and rhBMP-2 [9].
• These data, obtained in two independent laboratories, challenge the previously proposed ID2-MYCN relation [1].

Biological context of ID2

• To test the relevance of this upregulation, ID1 and ID2 were overexpressed in NB4 cells [10].
• Modest enhancement of cell proliferation was further detected in ID2-overexpressing cells [4].
• Our aim was to delineate the expression of ID2 by immunohistochemistry in primary breast cancer in order to detect potential associations with cell cycle regulatory proteins and/or clinicopathologic parameters [4].
• We concluded that the paradoxical expression of CDKN2A in neuroblastoma cannot be explained by inactivation of the tumor-suppressor gene CDKN1B or overexpression of the oncogene ID2 [11].
• Down-regulation of ID2 by all-trans retinoic acid in monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) [12].

Anatomical context of ID2

• As these results are of potential clinical importance, but not in agreement with our own initial observations, the putative correlation between ID2 and MYC(N) expression in neuroblastoma cell lines and tumors was reinvestigated [1].
• ID1 stained the hepatocytes of both LEA and LEC rats, whereas ID2 stained LEA rat hepatocytes only [13].
• Evaluation of BBL CHROMagar and CPS ID2 media for detection and presumptive identification of urinary tract pathogens [14].
• This laboratory study was conducted to assess the safety of a new interdental cleaner, the Braun Oral-B Interclean (ID2), by measuring its abrasivity to dentin and comparing this with the abrasivity of a standard ADA manual toothbrush when used with and without dentifrice [15].
• Time resolved X-ray diffraction experiments in single muscle fibres of the frog at 2.15 microns sarcomere length and 4 degrees C were performed at ID2 (SAXS), ESRF, Grenoble (France) to investigate the structural aspects of cross-bridge action during the development of the isometric tetanic tension (T0) [16].

Associations of ID2 with chemical compounds

• These results indicate that ID1 and ID2 are important retinoic acid responsive genes in APL, and suggest that the inhibition of specific bHLH transcription factor complexes may play a role in the therapeutic effect of ATRA in APL [10].
• The relevance of these findings was further studied after interfering p53 expression in MCF7 cells (shp53 cells), showing a lower induction of both, ID1 and ID2 transcripts, after 5-FU when compared with MCF7 shGFP control cells [17].
• The API 20E gave "no identification" for 13.1% of the isolates, while the Neg ID2, GNI+, ID-GNB, and Crystal were unable to identify 1.8, 2.9, 5.0, and 6.9%, respectively [18].
• Monoclonal antibody, ID2, which has similar reactivity as human aPL, significantly decreased the apparent abundance of nuclear Stat5b in response to cAMP/MPA and was associated with decreased decidual PRL promoter activation and PRL secretion [19].
• In comparison with Albicans ID2 and Sabouraud gentamicin chloramphenicol on 446 fungal strains, Candida ID allowed the isolation of more species than Albicans ID 2 (95.5% versus 91.2%) [20].

Physical interactions of ID2

• Functional analysis suggests that only ID1 may work as a pore-occluding ball domain, whereas ID2 most likely acts as a "docking domain" that attaches ID1 to the cytoplasmic face of the channel [21].

Regulatory relationships of ID2

• ID1 and ID2 are retinoic acid responsive genes and induce a G0/G1 accumulation in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells [10].

Other interactions of ID2

• Chromosomal assignment of human ID1 and ID2 genes [22].
• The simultaneous upregulation of ID1 and ID2, and the downregulation of E2A suggest a role for bHLH proteins in the induction of differentiation of APL cells following ATRA treatment [10].
• The ~50 genes upregulated early after Wnt addition include the previously known Wnt targets Cyclin D1, MYC, ID2 and betaTRCP [23].
• Three candidate genes, KCNF1, ID2 and ATP6V1C2 were sequenced, and were found to be negative for functional sequence variants [24].
• In conclusion, elevated expression of ID2 and DCN was significantly associated with poor prognosis in a homogeneous group of ovarian cancer patients for whom survival could not be predicted from clinical factors [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ID2

• We show, by somatic cell hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments, that ID1 and ID2 are localized at 20q11 and 2p25, respectively [22].
• PROCEDURE: Ninety-nine neuroblastic tumors from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and 12 neuroblastoma cell lines were analyzed by Affymetrix U95v2 Microarray System. The expression levels of the genes MYCN and ID2 were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry and the clinical value of the overexpression of both genes was determined [26].
• Evaluation of CPS ID2 medium for detection of urinary tract bacterial isolates in specimens from a rehabilitation center [27].
• The microarray results for ID2 were reproduced by quantitative real-time reverse transcription (QRT)-PCR and Western blot analyses [28].
• This clinical study was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of the new Braun Oral-B Interclean (ID2) with that of dental floss in healthy adults [29].

References