Disease relevance of ODF1

• Characterization of SPAG2 will further our understanding of ODF function in normal sperm motility and of flagellar abnormalities that lead to male infertility [1].

High impact information on ODF1

• The TNF-family molecule RANK-L (RANK-L, TRANCE, ODF) and its receptor RANK are key regulators of bone remodeling, and they are essential for the development and activation of osteoclasts [2].
• Outer dense fiber 2 (Odf2) was initially identified as a major component of sperm tail cytoskeleton and later was suggested to be a widespread component of centrosomal scaffold that preferentially associates with the appendages of the mother centrioles in somatic cells [3].
• A homozygous deletion of 27 basepairs in the coding region of the human outer dense fiber protein gene does not result in a pathologic phenotype [4].
• Outer dense fibers (ODF) are specific subcellular components of the sperm flagellum [5].
• We have investigated the protein composition of purified ODF from bovine spermatozoa and found that one of the most abundant proteins is a 30-32-kDa polypeptide [5].

Biological context of ODF1

• Recently, progress has been made in the molecular cloning of ODF and FS proteins, and because of this, questions addressing the morphogenesis and underlying protein network that make up sperm tail structures and their function can now be addressed [6].
• By Southern-blot analyses and in situ hybridization, the ODF gene was localized to band q22 of chromosome 8 [7].
• Immunocytochemistry revealed that the anti-84 reactive ODF proteins were synthesized and assembled in the cytoplasm of elongated spermatids (steps 9-18) with peak activity occurring in step 16 of spermiogenesis [8].
• The two protein spots identified by 2D WB namely TSA1-pI=5.821, M(W)=77.050 and TSA3-pI=6.173, M(W)=75.519 showed sequence homology to Cenexin/odf2 indicating that two are isoforms of the same protein [9].
• A novel testis-specific gene, SPAG4, whose product interacts specifically with outer dense fiber protein ODF27, maps to human chromosome 20q11.2 [10].

Anatomical context of ODF1

• Novel RING finger protein OIP1 binds to conserved amino acid repeats in sperm tail protein ODF1 [6].
• Use of affinity-purified anti-Spag5 antibodies in immuno electron microscopy shows that in rat elongated spermatids and epididymal sperm the Spag5 protein associates with ODF, but not with the axonemal MTs [11].
• The obtained results indicate that the ODF proteins might have more passive elastic than active function with respect to motility of spermatozoa [12].
• Outer dense fiber 2 is a widespread centrosome scaffold component preferentially associated with mother centrioles: its identification from isolated centrosomes [13].
• In vitro experiments showed that KLC3-ODF binding occurred in the absence of kinesin heavy chains or microtubules and required the KLC3 HR [14].

Associations of ODF1 with chemical compounds

• The ODF1 leucine zipper and the KLC3 HR mediated the interaction [14].
• For isolation of the outer dense fibers (ODF), the flagellar membrane and fibrous sheath were dissolved under reducing conditions in the cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for 30, 60 and 90 min, respectively [12].
• The following parameters were determined on days 0 and 7: GFR and renal plasma flow (RPF) by 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran clearances; the extracellular volume, assimilated to the DTPA diffusion volume; urinary ODF by receptor-binding assay and urinary as well as plasma catecholamines by HPLC after extraction on alumin [15].
• All the 27 cysteine residues in the ODF sequence except those in the C.X.P. repeat are conserved in the four species [16].

Physical interactions of ODF1

• The product of the spermatid-specific rat SPAG4 gene interacts specifically with the major 27-kDa outer dense fiber protein ODF27 in elongating spermatids [10].

Regulatory relationships of ODF1

• The RT7 gene is exclusively expressed in spermatids and encodes the 27-kDa major outer dense fiber (ODF) protein ODF27 [17].

Other interactions of ODF1

• OIP1 protein localizes to the sperm tail in a pattern expected for an ODF1-interacting protein [6].
• Interactional cloning of the 84-kDa major outer dense fiber protein Odf84. Leucine zippers mediate associations of Odf84 and Odf27 [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ODF1

• Here we demonstrate by independent cDNA isolations and by translational/immunoprecipitation of testicular mRNAs using anti-ODF 84 antibodies that 111-450 cDNA encodes the 84-kDa protein [8].
• To analyze the molecular weight of in vitro-translated ODF27, we carried out gel filtration experiments [17].
• For antibody screening an ELISA was developed using a newly developed method to fix the ODF proteins to the solid phase [19].
• The mAbs recognize the major protein component of boar ODF on preparative Western blot and mark the mid- and principal piece of demembranated flagella [19].
• Using RT7 system, a rat heart allograft model from RT7a donors to RT7b recipients was designed to test functional relevance of graft-associated hematopoietic cells (microchimerism) to allograft acceptance [20].

References