Disease relevance of HRASLS

• CIMP-N, CIMP-I, and CIMP-H status was determined by the number (0, 1-3, and 4-5, respectively) of methylated marker genes (LOX, HRASLS, FLNc, HAND1, and TM), that were newly identified as highly methylated in gastric cancer cell lines [1].
• A strong hH-Rev107 gene expression was observed in normal testis as well as in samples with preinvasive carcinoma in situ but was completely absent in overt tumors, both seminomas and non-seminomas [2].
• When challenged with geminiviruses, accumulation of viral DNA was reduced by up to 98% compared to controls, providing evidence that integration of AC1 initiates protection against viral infection via a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism [3].
• Integration of the AC1 gene (which encodes the replication-associated protein) from African cassava mosaic virus imparted resistance against the homologous virus and provided strong cross-protection against two heterologous species of cassava-infecting geminiviruses [3].
• However, no similarities could be detected between HSD 28 and a recently determined 3 alpha-HSD sequence from the ATCC 11996 Comamonas strain [4].

High impact information on HRASLS

• Here, we analyzed whether or not LOX and HRASLS are tumor suppressor genes in human gastric cancers [5].
• On the other hand, neither loss of heterozygosity nor a somatic mutation was detected in HRASLS, and its introduction into MKN28 did not suppress the growth in vitro or in vivo [5].
• In 41 primary gastric cancers, methylations of these CGIs in association with reduced expressions were observed at high incidences (29-41%) for five genes, including LOX and HRASLS, which have been reported to have tumor-suppressive activities [6].
• No association was found between the methylation status of NORE1A, RASSF1A and HRASLS or the status of K-ras with respect to the latter two genes [7].
• The results suggest that down-regulation of hH-Rev107 may be associated with invasive progression of testicular germ cell tumors [2].

Biological context of HRASLS

• By FISH analysis the human A-C1 gene (HRASLS) was mapped to human chromosome 3q28--> q29 [8].
• Isolation, characterization, and chromosome mapping of a human A-C1 Ha-Ras suppressor gene (HRASLS) [8].
• The deduced amino acid sequence of human A-C1 consists of 168 amino acids, and shows 83% identity with that of mouse A-C1 [8].
• A semi-quantitative assessment of hH-Rev107 mRNA level in testicular germ cell tumors, by RT-PCR, exhibited a ninefold decrease in the gene expression [2].
• Short-interfering RNAs specific to the AC1 transgene were identified in the two most resistant transgenic plant lines prior to virus challenge [3].

Anatomical context of HRASLS

• Recently, we cloned a cDNA encoding a novel mouse protein, named A-C1, by differential display between two mouse cell lines, embryonic fibroblast C3H10T1/2 and chondrogenic ATDC5 [8].
• Human A-C1 mRNA was expressed in skeletal muscle, testis, heart, brain, and thyroid in vivo [8].
• To investigate a possible role for hH-Rev107 protein in testicular malignant growth, we examined the expression of this gene in germ cell tumors [2].
• Interestingly in syncytiotrophoblasts, AC4 and AC8 mRNA are highly expressed, while AC1, AC2 mRNA are less abundant when compared to cytotrophoblast cells [9].

Associations of HRASLS with chemical compounds

• By coupling neuronal activity and Ca(2+) increases to the production of cAMP, AC1 and AC8 activate cAMP-dependent signal transduction and transcriptional pathways critical for L-LTP and LTM [10].

Other interactions of HRASLS

• The enzyme (HSD 28) has a monomeric molecular mass of 28 kDa [4].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HRASLS

• In human testis, hH-Rev107 gene expression was localized, by in situ hybridization, within the round spermatids [2].

References