Disease relevance of Incidence

• Remarkably, this same residue is mutated in the basal epidermal K14 in three incidences of another skin disease, epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) [1].
• The incidence of endoscopically determined gastroduodenal ulcers in placebo-treated patients was 4 (4%) of 99, and the incidences across all dosages of celecoxib were not significantly different (P>.40): 9 (6%) of 148 with 100 mg twice per day, 6 (4%) of 145 with 200 mg twice per day, and 8 (6%) of 130 with 400 mg twice per day [2].
• None of the incidences or numbers of these lesions were significantly different in any of the other saccharin-treated groups when compared to the group treated with BBN alone except for the incidences of two types of hyperplasias in the female rats dosed with 10,000 ppm saccharin [3].
• The incidences of pancreatic islet cell adenoma and skin tumors were significantly different between control and some retinoid-treated groups [4].
• Two unexpected observations were made: 1) Control mice autopsied at 12 months of age or older showed a 70% incidence of hepatomas, whereas the incidences were approximately 11, 17, and 46% in mice fed 83, 41, and 21 mg RA/kg diet, respectively [5].

Psychiatry related information on Incidence

• During an 18-month period between clinical interviews, higher incidences of major depression and hypomania characterized the low MAO/aociated with affective psychopathology in the original retrospective study [6].
• The incidences of mortality were 4% in the ciprofloxacin group and 2% in the triple therapy group [7].
• Selection of adverse event coding terms probably contributed to the high rate of adverse effects termed 'infection.' Higher incidences of adverse effects, particularly behavioral effects, were found among epilepsy patients than in elderly patients with cognitive disorders or patients with anxiety disorders given lower doses [8].
• These pituitary proliferations were histologically similar to those that occur spontaneously, and the incidences observed were comparable to those that could occur in rats on 2-yr or lifetime studies, indicating that the injection of calcitonin had decreased the latency period [9].
• REM sleep parameters (the amount of REM sleep against the total sleep time, newly designated indices-tonic inhibition index (TII) and phasic inhibition index--, and the incidences of gross movements, phasic chin muscle activity (PCMA), and bursts of rapid eye movements) in the six jittery infants were compared with those in age-matched controls [10].

High impact information on Incidence

• In order to find clues to the mechanisms of malformation and abortion, we compared the incidences of radiation-induced malformations and abortions in p53 null (p53-/-) and wild-type (p53+/+) mice [11].
• Three incidences of carbon monoxide poisoning occurred owing to defective heating systems [12].
• The results demonstrate that mice homozygous (+/+) or heterozygous (+/-) for the wild-type IL-6 allele yield the expected incidences of plasma cell tumors [13].
• To explore the heterogeneity of mutations and to assess whether a correlation exists between disease severity and the extent to which a mutation interferes with keratin network formation, we determined the genetic bases of four severe incidences of EH and one unusually mild case [14].
• When testosterone (T) was replaced in castrated, irradiated male rats, differentially increased incidences of thyroid tumors occurred, depending on the time interval for hormone replacement [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Incidence

• Differences in the incidences of squamous cell carcinoma between the controls and groups given BHA, BHA plus NaCl, and BHT plus NaCl were statistically significant [16].
• E-5166 also significantly reduced tumor incidences of experimental hepatomas induced by chemical carcinogen in rats as well as in "spontaneous" hepatoma-bearing mice (C3H/HeNCrj) genetically determined [17].
• The incidences of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and requirement for bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty did not differ between the two groups (propranolol = 16; placebo = 18) [18].
• The incidences and multiplicities of adenocarcinomas in the glandular stomachs were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the initiated 30 ppm MX group than those in the MNNG/NaCl group [19].
• While for sex steroid receptors the incidences did not vary with sex and age of the patients or the location and histopathological grade of the tumor, the VDR incidence was lower in AC (35 of 111) than in NM (99 of 111) and decreased significantly from the right colon to the rectum in adenocarcinoma [20].

Biological context of Incidence

• Here we report, for the first time in the literature, the high incidences of p16 and p15 alterations in MM, not by homozygous deletions or mutations, but solely by hypermethylation of the 5' CpG islands, which may be a specific mechanism in this disease [21].
• The incidences of tongue lesions (neoplasms and preneoplasms), polyamine levels in the tongue tissue, and cell proliferation activity estimated by a 5-bromodeoxyuridine-labeling index and by morphometric analysis of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions protein were compared among the groups [22].
• With a median cumulative doxorubicin dose of 397 mg/m(2) (range, 150 to 543 mg/m(2)), two incidences of unrelated congestive heart failure after further treatment with anthracyclines and two of asymptomatic left ventricular ejection fraction decrease were observed [23].
• The incidence of CHR was higher with IFN-alpha plus daily ara-C compared with IFN-alpha plus intermittent ara-C and IFN-alpha alone (no ara-C) (92% v 84% v 80%, P = .01), as were the incidences of cytogenetic response (74% v 73% v 58%; P = .003) and major cytogenetic response (50% v 38% v 38%; P = .06) [24].
• Moreover, the incidences of decreased percentage diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and decreased percentage vital capacity were also significantly greater in patients with elevated SP-D levels than in those with normal levels (67% versus 43% and 36% versus 17%, respectively) [25].

Anatomical context of Incidence

• The incidences of two types of hyperplasia and average number of papillary or nodular hyperplasias per 10 cm of basement membrane were significantly increased in the group receiving 50,000 ppm saccharin as compared to the group given BBN only [3].
• The administration of TA enhanced the tumorigenicity of 1,2-DMH, as evidenced by statistically significant incidences of tumors in the duodenum, cecum, colon, rectum, and anus [26].
• The incidences of renal disease correlated with the levels of Fli-1 protein in lymphoid tissues of transgenic lines [27].
• The incidences of mammary gland tumors in animals receiving injections of 1-nitropyrene by either route (59%) were significantly higher than in solvent-injected controls (37%) [28].
• These findings suggest that the effect of tetragastrin in decreasing the incidences of erosions, ulcerations, and atypical regenerative glandular hyperplasias in the colonic mucosa during instillation of MNNG is related to its effect in reducing the development of colonic tumors [29].

Associations of Incidence with chemical compounds

• Mammary nodule and tumor incidences were higher in steroid-treated mice than in controls; androgen resulted in higher incidences than did estrogen [30].
• With a low dose of carcinogen, BHA in the NIH-07 diet inhibited lung tumor incidences in a dose-related manner; with a high dose of carcinogen the inhibition was apparent with 0.1-0.6% BHA [31].
• The following fractions induced significantly greater incidences of bladder carcinoma than did cholesterol pellets only: tannin, Dowex 50 H+, residue, n-butanol, and methanol [32].
• Results clearly showed that when leupeptin was given during the promotion step of bladder carcinogenesis (as in group B), it increased the size of tumors and the incidences of cancer and invasion [33].
• The incidences of neoplasms and preneoplastic lesions of the tongue in animals given 5 ppm 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO; CAS: 56-57-5) in the drinking water for 16 weeks and followed by 20% betel nut in the diet for 40 weeks were significantly higher than those in animals given 4-NQO alone [34].

Gene context of Incidence

• Severe insulitis and concomitant high diabetes incidences occurred in all genotypic classes of congenic mice carrying Thy-1/Apoa-1 linkage markers for either NOD or NON alleles at Idd-2 [35].
• To test whether COX-2 inhibition with rofecoxib would have greater GI tolerability than nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition, we compared the incidences of (1) treatment discontinuations for GI adverse events (AEs) and (2) prespecified dyspeptic-type GI AEs among patients with osteoarthritis treated with rofecoxib vs NSAIDs [36].
• The mRNA for SSTR1 was detected in 86% of samples, whereas the incidences of mRNA for SSTR2 and SSTR5 were 14% and 64%, respectively [37].
• The incidences of methylation of each gene were almost similar between the HNSC cell lines and primary cancer specimens, although methylation of RASSF1A was observed in cell line (26%), but not in dysplasia and primary tumor [38].
• The former patients had higher incidences of CD7 and CD34 expression on the leukemic cells than the latter ones (50% vs 16.9%, P = 0.003 and 69.2% vs 37.9%, P = 0.019, respectively) [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Incidence

• Squamous cell carcinomas of the forestomach were seen in 2 of 18 effective rats (11.1%) in the control groups, and the incidences in the groups receiving the subsequent treatment were 45.0% with BHA, 15.8% with BHT, 30% with NaCl, 70% with BHA plus NaCl, and 52.9% with BHT plus NaCl [16].
• The incidences of CMV disease (2 of 37 v 8 of 34 in PCR group v culture group, respectively; P = .02) and CMV-associated mortality (0 of 37 v 5 of 34 in PCR group v culture group, respectively; P = .02) were decreased, and the duration of ganciclovir therapy (P < .001) was shorter in the PCR-monitored group [40].
• In the prophylactic lamivudine group, there was significantly less HBV reactivation (4.6% v 24.4% in the controls; P <.001), fewer incidences of hepatitis (17.5% v 44.6%; P <.0001) that were less severe (4.8% v 18.7%; P =.0005), and less disruption of chemotherapy (15.4% v 34.6%; P =.0029) [41].
• Carcinogenicity tests showed that addition of the antioxidant BHA to the diet of F344 rats induced high incidences of papilloma and squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach of both sexes [42].
• RESULTS: The incidences of oral glucose tolerance test and gestational diabetes were significantly increased in the HBsAg-positive group [43].

References